Matthew Chapter 19

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verses 1-2

When Jesus had finished saying these things, He left Galilee and went into the region of Judea beyond the Jordan. Large crowds followed Him, and He healed them there.

Commentary

“When Jesus had finished saying these things” refers to the end of the previous chapter. He then left Galilee and went to Judea; this is self-explanatory. However, it’s a long distance. Jesus’s only modes of travel were on foot, by boat, or on one occasion, by donkey. Walking from Galilee to Judea likely took from sunrise to sunset.

The verses state that crowds followed Him. We can assume Jesus probably healed people along the way, but if some individuals followed Him all the way from Galilee to Judea, it shows their desperation and determination to get close to Him. We can spiritualize this by asking ourselves: how determined are we to draw near to Jesus? These people walked from morning ’til evening, yet we may be hesitant to drive fifteen minutes to church on a rainy Sunday.

Verse 3

Then some Pharisees came and tested Him by asking, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?”

Commentary

The Pharisees continue to search for any opportunity to accuse Jesus. They search relentlessly, as if their greatest desire is to justify their rejection of the one person who is most clearly the Messiah.

Today is no different. There are individuals who search the Bible to find something (anything) with which they can accuse God, Jesus, or Christians of wrongdoing. When you approach the Bible, it should always be from a position of humility, prayer, and a desire to know God better. That is when God gives you understanding of the Scriptures. Otherwise, God can keep the Bible’s truths hidden from you, even if you read every word.

So the Pharisees ask, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?” Again, they are not asking because they want to know the answer; they are looking for a reason to accuse Jesus. This is why the verse says they came to test Him.

Verse 4

Jesus answered, “Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’

Commentary

Jesus answered, “Have you not read…?” Recall that when Jesus was tempted by Satan in the desert (Matthew 4), on every occasion He responded with the Word of God to rebuttal and rebuke Satan. He is doing the same here with the Pharisees. “Have you not read” is Jesus’s reprimand for their failure to know the Scriptures. The Pharisees are supposed to be experts in the Law, yet they come to Jesus asking questions they should already know the answers to.

We too should know the Word of God well enough to rebuttal and rebuke any false doctrine, deceit or demonic influence. Furthermore, knowing the Word of God well is invaluable, because it contains most of the answers people are searching for.

It is worth noting that when you ask God a question in prayer and hear only silence (that is, when you ask God something and He doesn’t answer), many times it may be because the answer is already in the Bible.

The verse continues, “from the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’” Jesus’s point here is that human beings were designed from the beginning to be couples, however, there are some exceptions which Jesus will speak about in this chapter).

Verses 5-6

and said, ‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh’? So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate.”

Commentary

“For this reason” refers back to them being male and female; having been made to be couples. A man will leave his father and mother, in other words, he’s going to start his own family in the same way that his parents started theirs. He’s going to be united to his wife. So far; very simple concepts.

The two will become one flesh. The question mark at the end of this verse is the conclusion of Jesus asking “Have you not read?”. But what does “the two become one flesh” mean? Some have interpreted this to mean that a married couple is united in purpose, goals and partnership. To this I totally disagree because anyone can be united in purpose and goals. For example, your business partner, your bowling league, your fishing buddy, all can be united in purpose, goals and partnership. Therefore, becoming one flesh must mean something far greater.

Eve was created from Adam’s rib, so she was literally made from Adams own body part.
And the man said: “This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called ‘woman,’ for out of man she was taken.” For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh. (Genesis 2:23-24)

Paul later writes;

The body is not intended for sexual immorality, but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body. By His power God raised the Lord from the dead, and He will raise us also. Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? Shall I then take the members of Christ and unite them with a prostitute? Never! Or don’t you know that he who unites himself with a prostitute is one with her in body? For it is said, “The two will become one flesh.” But he who unites himself with the Lord is one with Him in spirit. (1 Corinthians 6:13b-17)

Marriage between a man and a woman represents the marriage between Christ and the church. See the following verses: Ephesians 5:25–27; Revelation 19:7–9; Revelation 21:2; Revelation 21:9; 2 Corinthians 11:2; Matthew 9:15; Matthew 22:1–14; Matthew 25:1–13; Hosea 2:19–20; Isaiah 62:5.

Therefore, anyone who divorces their spouse represents the church divorcing Christ. Likewise, anyone who cheats on their spouse represents the church cheating on Jesus; and that’s not a good look, to say the least.

This comparison of being united in marriage as being like our union with Christ is continued by Paul in the book of Ephesians. Paul writes:

Pay careful attention, then, to how you walk, not as unwise but as wise, redeeming the time, because the days are evil. Therefore do not be foolish, but understand what the Lord’s will is. Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to reckless indiscretion. Instead, be filled with the Spirit.

Speak to one another with psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs. Sing and make music in your hearts to the Lord, always giving thanks to God the Father for everything in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ.

Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, His body, of which He is the Savior. Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything.

Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her to sanctify her, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word, and to present her to Himself as a glorious church, without stain or wrinkle or any such blemish, but holy and blameless.

In the same way, husbands ought to love their wives as their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself. Indeed, no one ever hated his own body, but he nourishes and cherishes it, just as Christ does the church. For we are members of His body.

“For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh.” This mystery is profound, but I am speaking about Christ and the church. Nevertheless, each one of you also must love his wife as he loves himself, and the wife must respect her husband. (Ephesians 5:15-33)

In these verses we see that the church submits to Jesus Christ and that Christ loves the church. He loved the church so much that He was willing to die in our place. By dying on the cross, Jesus sanctified the church so that we, the church, might be presented to Him without blemish.

All of this is represented in marriage. From the very first human beings, God intended marriage to represent what He would one day do for the church, for those who put their faith in Him. But verses 31 and 32 contain the essence of what we are looking for at this moment.

“For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh.” This mystery is profound, but I am speaking about Christ and the church.” (Ephesians 5:31-32)

When we put our faith in Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit comes to abide within us. Thus, we, the church, are one with Christ, in that the Holy Spirit lives within us. Marriage represents this relationship between Christ and the church. In this way, the two becoming one flesh represents the marriage between Christ and the church: the two becoming one, Christ dying for us to make us pure, and we being filled with the Holy Spirit to become one with Him.

Therefore, any deviation from what God intended marriage to be, represents a departure from (a rejection of), what Christ has done for the church. Thus, sex before marriage, cohabitation without marriage, casual hookups, wedding ceremonies that exclude God, viewing marriage as merely a legal contract, prenuptial agreements, adultery, pornography, open marriages, gay marriage, gender fluidity and non-binary concepts of marriage, divorce, and no-fault divorce laws all represent departures from what God intended marriage to signify. As such, they reflect a rejection of what Christ did to redeem us.

This is why marriage should be taken very seriously, beginning with who you choose to marry. As Jesus stated, “What God has joined together, let man not separate.”

Verses 7-9

“Why then,” they asked, “did Moses order a man to give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away?”

Jesus replied, “Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because of your hardness of heart. But it was not this way from the beginning. Now I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.”

Commentary

Moses allowed divorce because of the Israelites’ hard hearts. Today, anyone who initiates a divorce, does so either because of their own hard heart or their spouse’s infidelity.

If your spouse cheats on you, you may divorce. Otherwise, it is better to work out your problems.

There are some people who incorrectly believe that if their spouse divorces them, they must spend the rest of their life alone and lonely. But let’s look at what it says in 1st Corinthians,

if the unbeliever leaves, let him go. The believing brother or sister is not bound in such cases. (1 Corinthians 7:15)

Verses 10-11

His disciples said to Him, “If this is the case between a man and his wife, it is better not to marry.” “Not everyone can accept this word,” He replied, “but only those to whom it has been given.

Commentary

Notice that Jesus is agreeing with them. Yes, it is better for a person not to marry; however, Jesus says that this applies only to those to whom it has been given not to marry. If you have any desire at all to be in a romantic relationship, to date, fall in love and someday marry, you are not among those to whom lifelong singleness has been given.

But why did Jesus say this? Why is it better not to marry?

The unmarried man is concerned about the work of the Lord, how he can please the Lord. But the married man is concerned about the affairs of this world, how he can please his wife, and his interests are divided. The unmarried woman or virgin is concerned about the work of the Lord, how she can be holy in both body and spirit. But the married woman is concerned about the affairs of this world, how she can please her husband. (1 Corinthians 7:32b-34)

Verse 12

For there are eunuchs who were born that way; others were made that way by men; and still others live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it.”

Commentary

Jesus is describing those to whom it has been given to remain single. The one who is able to accept singleness should accept it. But again, if you have any desire at all not to be single, you are not among those to whom singleness has been given.

Verses 13-15

Then little children were brought to Jesus for Him to place His hands on them and pray for them. And the disciples rebuked those who brought them. But Jesus said, “Let the little children come to Me, and do not hinder them! For the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.” And after He had placed His hands on them, He went on from there.

Commentary

The disciples viewed their activities with Jesus as “adult” matters and wanted to send the children away. This, despite Jesus having said to them earlier, “Whoever welcomes a little child like this in My name welcomes Me” (Matthew 18:5). Jesus then takes this opportunity to tell those around Him that “the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.”

Verses 16-22

Just then a man came up to Jesus and inquired, “Teacher, what good thing must I do to obtain eternal life?”

“Why do you ask Me about what is good?” Jesus replied. “There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, keep the commandments.”

“Which ones?” the man asked.

Jesus answered, “‘Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not bear false witness, honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as yourself.’”

“All these I have kept,” said the young man. “What do I still lack?”

Jesus told him, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow Me.” When the young man heard this, he went away in sorrow, because he had great wealth.

Commentary

A man came up to Jesus and asked, “Teacher, what good thing must I do to obtain eternal life?” The question itself reveals a faulty assumption: that entrance into heaven can be earned through good deeds. This is an error.

Two thousand years later, not much has changed. Most people, when asked how a person gets into heaven, will respond, “By being a good person.”

Jesus is setting up this conversation to reveal the rich young man’s shortcoming and to give him the true answer regarding the path to eternal life.

“Why do you ask Me about what is good?” Jesus replied. “There is only One who is good…”

Jesus is giving a big hint. By saying, “There is only One who is good,” He’s revealing that this rich young man is not that one. Jesus is showing him that he doesn’t have within himself what it takes to obtain eternal life; because he’s not a good person. None of us are.

Jesus says, “If you want to enter life, keep the commandments.” Jesus knows this is an incomplete answer, but He’s steering the conversation.

“Which ones?” the man asked. He’s still thinking he can become righteous enough to walk himself into the kingdom of heaven.

Jesus proceeds to list a few of the Ten Commandments. “All these I have kept,” said the young man. “What do I still lack?”

(Set-up complete. Now for the slam dunk.)

Jesus then says to him, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow Me.”

Now let’s examine carefully what Jesus just said. “If you want to be perfect”; in other words, Jesus is stating that to get into heaven one must be perfect. That’s a very high bar, which no one can reach on their own. What makes us perfect in God’s eyes? Jesus!

“Sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven.” Remember the parable of the Sower in Matthew 13? This young man’s seed fell among the thorns, and the deceitfulness of wealth choked the word, making it unfruitful. Jesus wants this rich young man to shake off the thing that hinders him: his wealth. When we put our trust in money rather than Jesus, we have been deceived.

Notice that giving to the poor doesn’t earn this man his salvation; it only gives him treasures in heaven. (Again, treasures in heaven are the eternal friendships we will have with those we helped lead to Christ. A person can use their worldly wealth to acquire material possessions that are ultimately auctioned off to others when he dies, or he can use his wealth to fund and spread the gospel so that many people come to know Jesus as their Savior and are saved. Once in heaven, those same people will have eternal relationships (eternal friendships) with the one who helped lead them to Christ. Friendships are a valuable treasure.

Jesus then concludes his statement: “Then come, follow Me.” Following Jesus is the key to our entrance into heaven.

Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me. (John 14:6)

Jesus recognizes that this rich young man places his trust in his money rather than in God. That’s why Jesus challenges him to sell everything and give it to the poor.

In the United States, most people rely on their money rather than on Jesus. Here’s an example: You have $1,000 in your checking account. You’re driving in your car and find yourself getting hungry. You know that at the next intersection is your favorite takeout restaurant. What do you do? Perhaps without giving it any thought, you pull into the restaurant, walk in, place an order for carry-out, receive your food, get back in the car and continue on your journey home; never once pausing to give thanks, or acknowledgement to how God provides for you. That is an example of relying on your money rather than on God. Simply paying for the things you need without giving it any thought demonstrates your reliance on your money instead of recognizing God’s provision.

Oh, and by the way, if you live and work in the United States, I can almost guarantee that you have more wealth than the rich young ruler had in these Bible verses we’re examining.

Is it necessary that each of us sell all our possessions? Again, salvation is not earned. We don’t get into heaven by having possessions, nor do we get into heaven by selling them. While I would encourage you to have a minimalist attitude toward material possessions, the point is not that you have no possessions. Rather, the point is your attitude toward your money and possessions. Do not be deceived by wealth. Do not put your trust and reliance in your bank accounts and investments. Get rid of the things in your life that prevent you from following Jesus. Get rid of the things in your life that distract you from Him.

I once met a rich man who said Christianity was a crutch. He believed that his wealth negated his need for Jesus. But that attitude will only get him about 80 years down the road, at which point he will discover that the bridge is out and his money cannot build it back.

When the young man heard Jesus’s instruction to sell his possessions and follow Him, he went away in sorrow, because he had great wealth.

Every sermon I’ve ever heard about this rich young man assumed that when he went away sorrowful, he was rejecting Jesus’s instruction. I completely disagree. Each time a pastor concludes that he chose his wealth over Jesus, I have to shake my head. Here’s why:

All throughout the Bible, there are individuals who received instructions from God that they didn’t like and didn’t want to do.

Moses didn’t want the job of freeing the Jewish people from slavery in Egypt and begged God to send someone else.

Jonah flat out refused God’s instruction to go to Nineveh.

Jeremiah didn’t want the calling God gave him.

Ananias didn’t want to go visit Paul as God had instructed.

Peter; when he said “Surely not, Lord! I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.” was objecting to God’s instructions.

And Jesus Himself, asked that the cup might pass from him.

Notice that the rich young ruler didn’t go away indignant. He didn’t go away in protest. He didn’t go away angry. He went away in sorrow. What made him sorrowful? He was picturing in his mind how uncomfortable and difficult it would be to sell all his possessions and give to the poor. He was fully aware that what he was being asked to do would require a very great sacrifice.

This is the case with us today as well. Not everything Jesus tells us to do will be convenient and comfortable. Not everything He asks of us will be received with joy. Sometimes we find ourselves saying, “Wait a minute Lord,… You want me to do what!?”

God’s will for our lives is not always going to be joyous and easy. Many times He will ask us to do things that require us to trust Him with our very lives. Sometimes the things Jesus asks us to do will make us feel apprehensive, discouraged, and at times, even afraid.

Then Jesus told His disciples, “If anyone wants to come after Me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow Me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it. (Matthew 16:24-25)

There will be times in your Christian walk when following Jesus is uncomfortable, painful, and, in some cases, even dangerous. But even in our sadness, discouragement, or fear, we are called to walk in faith and obey regardless. This, I believe, is what the rich young ruler did. The fact that he was sorrowful about giving up his possessions shows that he understood the magnitude of the sacrifice required to follow Jesus. I believe he went away and did exactly what Jesus commanded.

Verses 23-24

Then Jesus said to His disciples, “Truly I tell you, it is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.”

Commentary

At first glance, this appears to be a contradiction. Jesus says it’s hard for a rich man to enter heaven, then immediately says it’s impossible. “Hard” means difficult, whereas “impossible” means it can’t be done; a camel cannot pass through the eye of a needle.

[Side note: This author holds that there is no historical or archaeological evidence for a small gate in Jerusalem during the time of Jesus Christ called “the eye of the needle.”]

However, I don’t think Jesus is making a contradiction with these two statements. Rather, I think he’s escalating the emphasis. When he says “again I tell you,” he is repeating himself for emphasis. Jesus is saying that it’s easier for a camel to pass through a sewing needle than for a rich man to enter heaven; that it’s totally impossible for a rich man to enter heaven on his own.

But what does this impossibility mean? It’s not suggesting that your bank balance determines your eternal destiny, as though $1,000 will condemn you but $999 is acceptable. What Jesus is saying is that it is impossible for a rich person’s money to purchase entrance into heaven. There is no ticket to buy. As Curtis Mayfield sang in 1965, “You don’t need no ticket, you just thank the Lord.”

A person is only saved through faith in Jesus Christ. You cannot put your reliance, trust, or faith in your money; something wealthy people are prone to do.

And let me also say: if you make $38,000 a year or more, you are one of the richest people in the world. Most Americans define wealth as being in the millions or billions of dollars. But the type of “rich” that Jesus is talking about requires us Americans to compare ourselves to the other 8 billion people in the world. 50% of the human population earns less than $10,000 per year.

When you and I have plenty of money in our bank accounts, it’s very easy to spend less time thinking about God because we rely on our money rather than on Him. Make a habit of giving thanks for everything you purchase and/or sell.

In a previous commentary, I told the story of nearly running out of gas on a 14-mile stretch of highway. When I realized the gas gauge was below “E,” I prayed the whole way that God would prevent me from running out of gas. But on all other occasions when I’ve driven the same stretch of road with plenty of gas in the tank, I didn’t give a single thought to God’s provision. This is an example of relying upon money.

Make the habit of relying solely upon Jesus and not upon your money. When you have financial abundance and all your bills are paid, give thanks to God.

Verses 25-26

When the disciples heard this, they were greatly astonished and asked, “Who then can be saved?” Jesus looked at them and said, “With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.”

Commentary

This verse is pivotal to the entirety of Christianity. For man (i.e. for people), it is absolutely impossible for you to save yourself. There is no amount of good deeds that can bring about your salvation. I want to emphasize that again in all capital letters: IMPOSSIBLE. There is no way to enter the kingdom of heaven merely by being a good person. Salvation is not earned through good deeds or right living.

There are many Christians who think that attending church every Sunday or participating in a Bible study makes God like them more than those who don’t do these activities. Others assume that by volunteering, helping the needy, feeding the poor, or caring for the elderly, they are earning God’s favor. That is a false doctrine, because God’s favor cannot be earned. Jesus tells us plainly, it is impossible.

How, then, do you enter the kingdom of heaven? Only with God is it possible. God alone opens the pathway into heaven, and that pathway is His Son, Jesus Christ, who died on the cross for the remission of your sins. He is the One in whom you must place your faith.

Everything else we do as Christians flows out of our love for Jesus Christ and our desire for others to follow Him as well. Growing closer to God is not the same as earning more of God’s love. Rather, after putting our faith in Christ, we go to church, read the Bible, pray, attend Bible studies, and fellowship with other believers because we desire a deeper understanding of God’s will for our lives. From there, we love and serve our neighbors so that they, too, may come to know Christ.

Verses 27-29

“Look,” Peter replied, “we have left everything to follow You. What then will there be for us?”

Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, in the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on His glorious throne, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife or children or fields for the sake of My name will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life.

Commentary

This is an end-times prophecy. At that time, the disciples; Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, and Simon the Zealot; will sit as judges over the twelve tribes of Israel.

Everyone who has made sacrifices in order to follow Jesus will receive back a hundredfold what they gave up, as well as eternal life.

Verse 30

But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.

Commentary

Matthew 19:30, Matthew 20:16, Mark 10:31 and Luke 13:30 all mention the last being first and the first being last.

The sentence here in verse 30 is only 14 words. It’s something that is easy to breeze by with hardly a notice, yet it’s one of the most troubling verses in the entire Bible.

You and I have only our physical senses by which we draw conclusions about the people around us. We can hear what they say and see what they do, but that is more or less the extent of our ability to discern a person’s sincerity. God, on the other hand, can see into the human heart. When Jesus says, “many who are first will be last,” He is referring to the reversal of expectations we will experience.

When our lives have ended and we stand before God, we are going to be shocked to see who is being turned away from entering heaven. There will be many pastors, elders, deacons, Sunday school teachers, Bible study leaders, mentors, missionaries, disciplers, counselors, worship leaders, church planters, church administrators, and those who faithfully tithed who are turned away from heaven and sent to hell. In this world, they appeared as though they would be the first to enter heaven, but Jesus is saying they’re the last. On the outside, they appeared to be “super-duper” Christians, but they never actually put their faith in Jesus Christ.

That is by no means a condemnation of all church leaders everywhere. Jesus specifically used the word “many,” not the word “all.”

Jesus then says, “and the last will be first.” At the same time that we are seeing those we expected to be first being turned away from heaven, we will also see people who were repeat DUI offenders, people who were strung out on fentanyl or meth, prostitutes, men who were hooked on pornography, people who were deep in gambling debt, fraudsters who ran phone and internet scams, identity thieves, shoplifters, cartel members, people with violent records, domestic abusers, deadbeat dads, those who had rage issues, internet trolls, corrupt politicians, and those who scammed the elderly out of their retirement money strolling into heaven and into the presence of Jesus Christ to receive eternal life.

“What??? Why??? That doesn’t make any sense!!!”

The Bible says:

Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts, nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor verbal abusers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. (1 Corinthians 6:9-10)

But that same verse continues: And that is what some of you were. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God. (1 Corinthians 6:11)

The point Jesus is making here in Matthew 19:30 is that salvation is not by works. Good works don’t get us into heaven, and bad works don’t keep us out of heaven. It is by faith through grace that we can enter into eternal life.

But let me clarify to the reader that one cannot claim to have faith while living a life of violent crime, drug use, and gambling. One cannot claim to be a follower of Christ while walking in sin (those are the first who will be last). Rather, it is to say that the drug cartel member who is shot in Juárez, Mexico, while trying to steal drug money from a rival cartel, lying in the street and dying, looks up to the sky and, with a sincere heart, says, “Jesus, save me.” That person will be ushered into the kingdom of heaven.

Meanwhile, there is a grandma who bakes apple pies for her grandchildren. She takes them to church every Sunday, and she herself hasn’t missed a Sunday service in over twenty years. When she passes away at age 90, she arrives at the gates of heaven and is told to stand aside while the drug cartel gang member is ushered into eternal life. She, on the other hand, is told, “I never knew you; depart from me,” and is sent into hell.

All this happens because one had sincere faith (even if it wasn’t until he lay dying from a gunshot wound). The other, though she appeared righteous on the outside, always considered herself a good person and thought that her own good deeds and good living would be enough to earn her place in heaven. She was wrong. She never put her faith in Jesus. Instead, she put her faith in herself.

Many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verses 1-4

At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Who then is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?”

Jesus invited a little child to stand among them. “Truly I tell you,” He said, “unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. Therefore, whoever humbles himself like this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.

Commentary

Satan was cast out of heaven because of his pride. Now the disciples are asking which one of them will be the greatest in heaven.

Jesus responds by teaching them a lesson in humility. He invites a little child to stand among them as an example of humbleness. Can a little child do anything for themselves? A two-year-old can’t dress themselves, they can’t prepare food, they can’t travel anywhere on their own, or even communicate effectively with the outside world. Small children are totally reliant upon their parents. There is nothing they can brag about. Jesus is saying that we must change and become like a child in humility.

Jesus says, “Therefore, whoever humbles himself like this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.”

At the heart of pride is the belief that a person doesn’t need God; that he knows better than God. He doesn’t require God’s input, help, or guidance because he considers himself wiser than God. A prideful person may not state these ideas explicitly, but their attitude clearly conveys them.

When atheists claim there are contradictions in the Bible, they are implying that it’s not possible they themselves might lack understanding. It doesn’t even occur to them that the problem could be within themselves.

When an atheist argues that God is immoral, such a person is claiming to be more righteous and more moral than God. When skeptics and scoffers demand that we prove the existence of God to them, what they are really seeking is to sit in judgment over God. They wish to elevate themselves above Him and force God to submit to their examination.

All of these attitudes flow from pride; a pride that says, “I am better than God,” “I know more than God,” and “I don’t need God.”

So when the disciples argue about which one of them will be the greatest, they are debating their own merits rather than the merits of God. He alone is the one who makes their entrance into heaven even possible.

Little children, however, do not entertain such lofty thoughts about themselves. A little child cannot do anything for himself without the assistance of his parents.

This is how we ought to view our relationship with God. We are the two-year-old, and God is the parent. Even though, as adults, we can make decisions and plans regarding the course of our lives, we must humble ourselves and adopt an attitude of dependence upon God. This begins with faith, prayer, and a sincere desire to seek after Him.

Verse 5

And whoever welcomes a little child like this in My name welcomes Me.

Commentary

In this statement, Jesus is not referring to infants or toddlers, but to the children of God. The phrase “a child like this” points back to His earlier description of humility: “whoever humbles himself like this little child.” Jesus is speaking of those who place their faith in Him and adopt an attitude of humble dependence on God. Therefore, when someone welcomes a follower of Christ, they are welcoming Christ Himself.

Verses 6-7

But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in Me to stumble, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea. Woe to the world for the causes of sin. These stumbling blocks must come, but woe to the man through whom they come!

Commentary

Again, the phrase “one of these little ones” is not referring merely to infants and toddlers. Jesus is speaking of those who believe in Him. That could be someone who is young or old. Those who believe in Him are the children of God.

God said, “Vengeance is Mine; I will repay. In due time their foot will slip; for their day of disaster is near, and their doom is coming quickly.” (Deuteronomy 32:35)

For God to be truly all-loving, He must also be a God of justice. Consider our own criminal justice system: if a judge were to release every murderer, rapist, and arsonist without punishment, that would not be an act of love. Such injustice would demonstrate a complete lack of compassion for the victims. It would be the very opposite of love.

Therefore, an all-loving God must also be a God of justice and wrath toward those who cause His followers to stumble into sin.

Jesus is teaching that for such people; it would have been better to drown in the sea than to stand before God on the day of judgment. Can you imagine the One who has the power to create every galaxy in the universe focusing His wrath upon a single person?

Yet there is mercy. If you repent and put your faith in Jesus Christ, your sins will be forgiven.

Verses 8-9

If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life crippled or lame than to have two hands and two feet and be thrown into the eternal fire. And if your eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell.

Commentary

Jesus then proceeds to make what may seem like a strange and shocking statement. “If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away.” Is this meant to be taken literally? No. Jesus is using hyperbole. If this were literal, the entire world would have neither hands nor feet, nor any other body parts. Moreover, Scripture makes clear that sin originates in the heart, not in the hands, feet, or eyes.

For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and slander. (Matthew 15:19)

So then, what is Jesus telling us? We must be willing to take drastic measures to remove sin from our lives. Yet here is the irony: we cannot overcome sin through our own strength or self-discipline. If we could, anyone could become sinless and teach others to do the same. But sin is bound in our flesh. So what then should we do?

So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. For the flesh craves what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the flesh. They are opposed to each other, so that you do not do what you want. But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. (Galatians 5:16-18)

Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. Draw near to God, and He will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded. (James 4:7-8)

God rewards those who earnestly seek Him. (Hebrews 11:6b). Remember, salvation is not earned; it is a gift to those who have faith. However, those who have faith and earnestly seek God will be rewarded. With what? With holy living, spiritual wisdom, peace, joy, fulfillment, and contentment.

Verse 10

See that you do not look down on any of these little ones. For I tell you that their angels in heaven always see the face of My Father in heaven.

Commentary

Based on the context already discussed, I believe the phrase “little ones” refers to anyone who puts their faith in Jesus Christ, regardless of age.

Jesus tells His disciples not to look down on those who place their faith in Him; Bear in mind that only minutes earlier, they had been arguing among themselves about which of them would be the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. An argument that can easily lead someone to look down on others, thinking, “I’m going to be better than you in the kingdom of heaven.” These discussions can also cause someone to despise another when being told they won’t amount to much compared to their fellow disciple.

Jesus is instructing the disciples, and us as readers of the Bible, not to do this. Never assume you are the one who will receive great rewards in heaven for all the wonderful things you did in this life. Instead, be humble.

His master replied, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things. Enter into the joy of your master!’ (Matthew 25:21)

This is a trustworthy saying: If we died with Him, we will also live with Him; if we endure, we will also reign with Him; (2 Timothy 2:11-12)

My advice to you, the reader, is this: when we return with Christ to rule and reign with Him for a thousand years, don’t assume you will be placed in charge of nations. Instead, assume you will be the garbage picker-upper. Then, when you are placed in charge of something greater, give thanks to God. (See Isaiah 2 and Revelation 20)

Also, in this life, we should not despise other Christians simply because one appears to have a greater calling or look down on a fellow Christian who seems to have fewer spiritual gifts. A pastor with a congregation of 1,000 members should not look down on a pastor with 20 couples in his congregation. The Christian who failed the music audition at church should not despise those who perform on stage every Sunday. Those whose responsibility it is to organize and manage a large ministry should not look down upon the Christian whose job is to clean the bathrooms at church. One is not greater than another.

Later, Paul will illustrate this with an analogy involving parts of the body.

The body is a unit, though it is composed of many parts. And although its parts are many, they all form one body. So it is with Christ. For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, slave or free, and we were all given one Spirit to drink.

For the body does not consist of one part, but of many. If the foot should say, “Because I am not a hand, I do not belong to the body,” that would not make it any less a part of the body. And if the ear should say, “Because I am not an eye, I do not belong to the body,” that would not make it any less a part of the body. If the whole body were an eye, where would the sense of hearing be? If the whole body were an ear, where would the sense of smell be?

But in fact, God has arranged the members of the body, every one of them, according to His design. If they were all one part, where would the body be? As it is, there are many parts, but one body.

The eye cannot say to the hand, “I do not need you.” Nor can the head say to the feet, “I do not need you.” On the contrary, the parts of the body that seem to be weaker are indispensable, and the parts we consider less honorable, we treat with greater honor. And our unpresentable parts are treated with special modesty, whereas our presentable parts have no such need.

But God has composed the body and has given greater honor to the parts that lacked it, so that there should be no division in the body, but that its members should have mutual concern for one another. If one part suffers, every part suffers with it; if one part is honored, every part rejoices with it. (1 Corinthians 12:12-26)

Next, Jesus talks about “their angels.”

For He will command His angels concerning you to guard you in all your ways. (Psalm 91:11)

Are not the angels ministering spirits sent to serve those who will inherit salvation? (Hebrews 1:14)

From this, we conclude that angels, who continually see the face of God, also guard, serve, minister to, and help believers.

There are several instances in scripture when God sends an angel, or an army of angels, to defend or protect a person or group of people, (see 2 Kings 6 and 2 Kings 19). I have also heard accounts of missionaries being physically guarded by visible angels when someone sought to harm them.

Verse 11

If you are reading from any of the following Bible translations, you may notice that your bible does not contain verse 11 in Matthew 18.

• Berean Standard Bible (BSB)
• English Standard Version (ESV)
• New International Version (NIV)
• New Living Translation (NLT)
• Christian Standard Bible (CSB)
• New American Standard Bible (NASB) – 2020 Edition

Many people point to such missing verses as “proof” that these Bible translations are corrupted, but the reality is just the opposite. Verse 11 does not appear at all in the oldest and most reliable copies of Matthew’s gospel that exist. Rather, it was added at some point later. All of the above Bible translations were derived from these oldest and most reliable manuscripts and therefore do not include verse 11. Each of these Bible translations had 100 or more Bible scholars involved in their translation, so I am confident in their findings and conclusion that verse 11 does not belong. Therefore, I am choosing to skip it in this commentary.

Verses 12-13

What do you think? If a man has a hundred sheep and one of them goes astray, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the hills and go out to search for the one that is lost? And if he finds it, truly I tell you, he rejoices more over that one sheep than over the ninety-nine that did not go astray.

Commentary

After instructing His disciples not to look down on other believers, Jesus gives an analogy that illustrates the value God places on every person that puts their faith in Him. He compares them to a sheep that wanders from the flock, and the shepherd is willing to go and search for them. Jesus is teaching that every Christ follower is extremely valuable to Him.

Throughout the previous verses, Jesus has repeatedly referred to “one of these little ones who believe in Me.” Now He says that if one of them goes astray…

When He uses the phrase “goes astray,” I am reminded of the following verses:

We all like sheep have gone astray, each one has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid upon Him (Jesus) the iniquity of us all. (Isaiah 53:6)

And;

For “you were like sheep going astray,” but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls. (1 Peter 2:25)

“If a man has a hundred sheep… and one of them goes astray.” This shows that the one who is now wandering had previously been part of the flock. Jesus values this individual so much that, despite his backsliding and/or drifting away, Jesus is willing to pursue that person.

Verse 14

In the same way, your Father in heaven is not willing that any of these little ones should perish.

Commentary

Of those who put their faith in Jesus Christ (“these little ones”), it is not God’s will that any of them should end up in hell.

It should also be noted that salvation is a work of God, not a work of yourself. The wandering sheep did not know the way back to the flock; the shepherd had to go get the sheep and bring it back. This is true of you and me. Throughout our lives, Jesus directs our steps and keeps us within a hedge of protection.

Recall when Satan complained that God had placed a hedge of protection around Job (see Job 1).

Does an all-loving God send people to hell? No. An all-loving God rescues people from hell.

Verses 15-17

If your brother sins against you, go and confront him privately. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over. But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’ If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, regard him as you would a pagan or a tax collector.

Commentary

Maintaining the theme of backsliding believers, Jesus now says, “If your brother sins against you…” A brother is not necessarily referring to one’s sibling but to a fellow believer, and more specifically, one that you have an existing relationship with (a brother referring to a male believer and sister to a female believer). In modern terms, this would likely refer to someone who attends the same church as you.

“If your brother sins against you, go and confront him privately.” A moment ago, Jesus was telling us not to look down on or despise a fellow Christian. Now He explains what we are to do when such an offense occurs.

The first step is to go to him privately. If he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses. If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, regard him as you would a pagan or a tax collector.

When Jesus says regard him as a pagan, I believe he is instructing us to disassociate from the person.

Verse 18

Truly I tell you, whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.

Commentary

Although this same phrase appears earlier in Matthew 16, the context there is the building of the church, whereas here in Matthew 18 the context is church discipline. This demonstrates the depth and breadth of God’s Word: the same phrase can carry related but distinct meanings depending on its context.

In Matthew 16, I understand Jesus to be speaking about the building of his church through the sharing of the gospel. God builds His church by using ordinary believers who share the message of Christ with others. In that setting, the language of “binding and loosing” reflects heaven’s authorization of the gospel message itself. When a believer shares the gospel and a hearer receives Christ, that decision is ratified in heaven. What is bound on earth is bound in heaven.

It would be unthinkable to imagine a situation where someone shares the gospel with a person who genuinely accepts Christ, only for heaven to object and say, “You were not authorized to share the gospel.” Jesus’s words rule out such a notion. The authority to proclaim the gospel is not restricted to a special class of believers; it is granted to all who belong to Christ.

Therefore, when Jesus says, “Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven,” He is affirming that heaven stands behind the faithful proclamation of the gospel. Any believer may share their faith with any person, anywhere. When that message is received, salvation truly occurs; not merely on earth, but with heaven’s full approval.

In the context of church discipline, if you go privately to confront a brother and he asks you for forgiveness, heaven likewise ratifies that forgiveness. And if he refuses to listen and is eventually expelled from the church, heaven approves. What you loose on earth is loosed in heaven, meaning heaven has your back.

Verses 19-20

Again, I tell you truly that if two of you on the earth agree about anything you ask for, it will be done for you by My Father in heaven. For where two or three gather together in My name, there am I with them.”

Commentary

Remember, when reading the Bible, we cannot take verses as stand-alone statements. This is why I despise the often-promoted “verse of the day.” If we were to read Matthew 18:19-20 in isolation, we would conclude that if two or three Christians gather together and pray for something, God will automatically give it to them.

If that were true, I would immediately gather two other Christians, and together we would pray for a million dollars, new cars, and a dual-outboard fishing boat. No one can pray for something outside of God’s will and expect to receive it. Remember, God answers every prayer with either yes, no, or not yet. What God does not do is grant anything and everything simply because two or three people are asking. God is not a genie in a lamp.

Okay then, what is the context of Matthew 18:19-20, and what does the verse actually mean? Recall that just moments earlier Jesus said that if your brother will not listen, you are to take one or two others along, so that “every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.” Now, in this verse, He is saying that when those same two or three are gathered, during the confrontation of a brother who refuses to listen, Jesus will be there also.

Verses 21-22

Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, how many times shall I forgive my brother who sins against me? Up to seven times?” Jesus answered, “I tell you, not just seven times, but seventy-seven times!

Commentary

This is self-explanatory. As followers of Jesus Christ, we are to forgive those who sin against us. Every single time someone sins against you, you are called to forgive them. This does not mean, however, that you must allow others to abuse you or take advantage of you. I have known people who equated forgiveness with permission, but the two are not the same.

Jacob was saving money for a mission trip and had about $1,000 tucked away in a tin can on the bookshelf in his bedroom. One day, he invited a guest over for dinner. After the meal, the guest asked to use the bathroom, and Jacob pointed him down the hall, past his bedroom. Busy washing dishes, he paid little attention to his guest’s brief absence. The following day, however, when Jacob checked the tin can, he found it empty; the money was gone. Jacob was eventually able to forgive his dinner guest, but he never invited that person into his home ever again.

This illustrates the difference between forgiveness and permission. As Anthony Weldon wrote in his 1651 book Court and Character, “Fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me.”

Verses 23-27

Because of this, the kingdom of heaven is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants. As he began the settlements, a debtor owing ten thousand talents was brought to him. Since the man was unable to pay, the master ordered that he be sold to pay his debt, along with his wife and children and everything he owned.

Then the servant fell on his knees before him. ‘Have patience with me,’ he begged, ‘and I will pay back everything.’ His master had compassion on him, forgave his debt, and released him.

Commentary

The king represents God. Settling accounts represents the great Day of Judgment. The debtor symbolizes everyone who has sinned against God (i.e., all people). The debt that cannot be paid represents our sins, which have separated us from God. There is no amount of good deeds that can earn God’s forgiveness. The servant falling to his knees represents how Jesus will ultimately be exalted.

Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place and gave Him the name above all names, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, (Philippians 2:9-10)

The master’s compassion and forgiveness of the debt represents God’s grace; the unmerited favor of God toward sinners. In His infinite mercy, God chose to forgive the unpayable debt of sin, not because the servant deserved it or could earn it, but because of God’s compassion.

Verses 28-35

But when that servant went out, he found one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii. He grabbed him and began to choke him, saying, ‘Pay back what you owe me!’ So his fellow servant fell down and begged him, ‘Have patience with me, and I will pay you back.’

But he refused. Instead, he went and had the man thrown into prison until he could pay his debt. When his fellow servants saw what had happened, they were greatly distressed, and they went and recounted all of this to their master.

Then the master summoned him and said, ‘You wicked servant! I forgave all your debt because you begged me. Shouldn’t you have had mercy on your fellow servant, just as I had on you?’ In anger his master turned him over to the jailers to be tortured, until he should repay all that he owed.

That is how My heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother from your heart.”

Commentary

Many Christians have interpreted this passage as a lesson on how believers should forgive. I strongly disagree. Let’s look carefully at the wording in this parable and ask whether it is referring to those who are saved or those who are not saved. Jesus describes the servant as wicked; someone who is ultimately handed over to the jailer to be tortured. Within the New Testament, are saved believers ever thrown into the “jail” and tortured because of their sins? No!!

In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of His grace that He lavished on us with all wisdom and understanding. (Ephesians 1:7-8)

For as high as the heavens are above the earth, so great is His loving devotion for those who fear Him. As far as the east is from the west, so far has He removed our transgressions from us. (Psalm 103:11-12)

Make no mistake, it is absolutely a sin not to forgive those who sin against you. But to teach that God will throw a Christian believer into hell to be tortured because of unforgiveness (i.e. bad behavior) amounts to salvation by works; a false doctrine.

If a person is sent to hell because of bad behavior, then it also means that ascension into heaven is due to good behavior. Again; a false doctrine.

He saved us, not by righteous deeds we had done, but according to His mercy, through the washing of new birth and renewal by the Holy Spirit. (Titus 3:5)

In the spiritual realm, who is subjected to punishment; the saved or the unsaved? This parable of the unforgiving servant is not about a Christian who fails to forgive. It is not a lesson on how believers should behave, nor a warning about the punishment a believer will receive if they don’t behave properly. I strongly believe this passage is describing the unsaved.

Those who are saved have all their sins forgiven including the sin of unforgiveness. Believers who put their faith in Jesus Christ are never handed over to the jailer to be tortured.

having canceled the debt ascribed to us in the decrees that stood against us. He took it away, nailing it to the cross! (Colossians 2:14)

Therefore, the wicked servant in this story represents someone who never placed his faith in Christ. God sent His own Son to die on the cross for the forgiveness of sins, but for those who never believe, all of their sins; including their refusal to forgive others; will be held against them.

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verses 1-2

After six days Jesus took with Him Peter, James, and John the brother of James, and led them up a high mountain by themselves. There He was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and His clothes became as white as the light.

Commentary

Skeptics, scoffers, doubters, atheists, etc., often claim that Jesus was just an ordinary man. That He never claimed to be God. It’s their excuse to dismiss his divinity and thus his spiritual authority over their lives. The transfiguration of Jesus, however, demonstrates without question that Jesus is no ordinary man. How many times have you seen a person’s face become as bright as the sun and his clothing become as white as light? He may be fully man, but he is also fully God.

…Who, existing in the form of God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in human likeness. And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to death – even death on a cross. (Philippians 2:6-8)

Verse 3

Suddenly Moses and Elijah appeared before them, talking with Jesus.

Commentary

It should be noted here that Moses represents the Law and Elijah represents the prophets. Recall from Matthew 5 that Jesus came to fulfill the law and prophets.

For most of my Christian life, I assumed that these were the spirits of Moses and Elijah because at this point Moses had been deceased for a thousand years. However, I recently heard someone suggest that Peter, James, and John are seeing Moses and Elijah during the time of their earthly lives. The suggestion was that perhaps God was doing something miraculous with time; merging three different points in time as well as different geographic locations into one.

In the book of Exodus, when Moses went up Mount Sinai to meet with God, he was perhaps, at that time, speaking with Jesus during this present time of transfiguration. Likewise, when Elijah went up on Mount Horeb to speak with God, he too may have been conversing with Jesus during this present moment of transfiguration. If this was the case, were Moses and Elijah aware of one another? Perhaps not. The accounts in Exodus and 1 Kings don’t seem to suggest that. Furthermore, I am by no means suggesting that this is the correct interpretation. I’m merely speculating. However, because nothing is impossible for God, his ability to manipulate both time and space in a miraculous way is certainly plausible. God resides outside of time and is therefore not bound by it. You can praise God at the realization that he already knows the entire timeline of your life and is already present in your future times of need. When you have problems in this life, don’t think you have to wait for God to show up. He’s already there.

Your eyes saw my unformed body; all my days were written in Your book and ordained for me before one of them came to be. (Psalm 139:16)

Verse 4

Peter said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good for us to be here. If You wish, I will put up three shelters —one for You, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.”

Commentary

Peter said to Jesus, “Rabbi, it is good for us to be here. Let us put up three shelters—one for You, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” For they were all so terrified that Peter did not know what else to say. (Mark 9:5-6)

I think Peter is very likely just running his mouth, speaking nonsense and not really knowing what to say. In the next verse, we see that God interrupts Peter and stops him from speaking any further, which is why I’ve concluded that Peter’s words are likely not important and he probably shouldn’t have been speaking at all.

But if that’s the case, why include his statement in the Bible? We know that all Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for instruction, for conviction, for correction, and for training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be complete, fully equipped for every good work. (2 Timothy 3:16-17) Therefore, there must be at least some significance to what Peter is saying, but what could it be?

By requesting to build three shelters, one for each of them, Peter is inadvertently reducing the value of Jesus by making him equal to the law (Moses) and the prophets (Elijah). This is an error because both the law and the prophets were meant to point to Jesus.

The law in particular was never meant to be a to-do list for salvation. From the very beginning, the law was meant to show us that we are all sinners in need of a savior, namely the Messiah, Jesus.

Verses 5-8

While Peter was still speaking, a bright cloud enveloped them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Listen to Him!” When the disciples heard this, they fell face down in terror. Then Jesus came over and touched them. “Get up,” He said. “Do not be afraid.” And when they looked up, they saw no one except Jesus.

Commentary

A cloud enveloped Jesus, and Moses (the law) and Elijah (the prophets). A voice from the cloud said, “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Listen to him!” When the disciples next looked up, they saw only Jesus. What is the implication? Recall when Jesus was walking with two disciples on the road to Emmaus. Beginning with Moses and all the prophets, Jesus explained to them what was written in all the Scriptures about himself (Luke 24:27).

Jesus is the fulfillment of the Law and Prophets. God instructs us to listen to him. Jesus said, “If you love me, you will keep my commandments” (John 14:15).

By looking up and seeing only Jesus, the disciples (as well as us, the readers of God’s Word) are being shown that Jesus is all we need. Again, Jesus is not negating the law and prophets; he is the fulfillment of them.

God said, “Listen to him.” After his resurrection, Jesus is going to inform the disciples, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me” (Matthew 28:18).

The one who has all authority should be listened to. If the one who has all authority says go, we should go. And if he says, “Remain where you are,” we should remain. This is why faith without deeds is dead (James 2:26b). If you claim to love Jesus Christ but are unwilling to do anything he asks, your love for him is not sincere.

“Listen to him!” is God’s advice to us. Putting your faith in Jesus Christ means that you fully trust him. You listen to him and believe what he said is true. Therefore, as an example, when Jesus said, “Love your enemies,” having faith means you trust this to be good advice, and you’re willing to follow it. You don’t question it; you don’t need someone to prove its value to you. You simply trust.

Remember there are two ways to reject Jesus Christ. The first is unbelief. Those who reject his claim of authority declare that Jesus was merely a good teacher, a nice man, an ordinary person (i.e., not the Savior). Such people are rejecting his authority. Also, people who say that Christianity is not the only path to salvation are rejecting Christ’s authority.

The second way to reject Jesus Christ is to not do what he said. Many people claim to be Christians and claim to believe. They may even go to church every Sunday, yet by their lifestyle they reject everything Jesus taught. Here’s an extreme example to illustrate my point: a bank robber can claim he has faith in Jesus Christ, but the act of robbing banks is a rejection of Jesus Christ because Jesus said, “You shall not steal” (Matthew 19:18) and “Love your neighbor as yourself” (Matthew 22:39). By robbing banks, he is robbing his neighbors and has thus rejected the teachings of Jesus Christ. By his actions, the bank robber demonstrates he has rejected Jesus. You cannot reject Christ’s teachings without rejecting Jesus himself. We can conclude, therefore, that there is a discrepancy between the robber’s claim of faith in Christ and his present behavior. Everyone stumbles into sin, like a cuss word uttered when one slips and falls on an icy sidewalk, but bank robbery is not something a person merely stumbles into. It’s a sin meticulously planned.

Verse 9

As they were coming down the mountain, Jesus commanded them, “Do not tell anyone about this vision until the Son of Man has been raised from the dead.”

Commentary

Jesus needed the disciples to remain alive until they could establish the church and begin spreading the gospel. Had they gone about telling everyone in Jerusalem about the transfiguration they had just witnessed, they likely would have been crucified right alongside Jesus.

Verses 10-13

The disciples asked Him, “Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?” Jesus replied, “Elijah does indeed come, and he will restore all things. But I tell you that Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but have done to him whatever they wished. In the same way, the Son of Man will suffer at their hands.” Then the disciples understood that He was speaking to them about John the Baptist.

Commentary

Having now seen Moses and Elijah and the transfiguration of Jesus, these disciples are trying to understand the meaning of it all. They ask Jesus, “Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?”

“Elijah does indeed come and he will restore all things” Jesus said. “But”, He continues, “Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him…” The disciples then understood that He was talking about John the Baptist.

Verses 14-20

When they came to the crowd, a man came up to Jesus and knelt before Him. “Lord, have mercy on my son,” he said. “He has seizures and is suffering terribly. He often falls into the fire or into the water. I brought him to Your disciples, but they could not heal him.”

“O unbelieving and perverse generation!” Jesus replied. “How long must I remain with you? How long must I put up with you? Bring the boy here to Me.” Then Jesus rebuked the demon, and it came out of the boy, and he was healed from that moment.

Afterward the disciples came to Jesus privately and asked, “Why couldn’t we drive it out?” “Because you have so little faith,” He answered. “For truly I tell you, if you have faith the size of a mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you.”

Commentary

It appears that Jesus is becoming exasperated when he says, “How long must I put up with you?”

I doubt very much that Jesus’s exasperation is directed toward the boy’s father, who very understandably would be desperate to help his son. But this man, when explaining the situation to Jesus, stated that the nine disciples were unable to cast out the demon. This, despite the fact that Jesus gave them authority to do so (Matthew chapter 10). It means that they were doubting what Jesus said. He gave them authority to cast out demons, yet their own doubts and lack of faith prevented them from helping this man’s son. Jesus then promptly cast out the demon and healed the boy.

Afterward the disciples came to Jesus privately and asked, “Why couldn’t we drive it out?” Jesus answered, “Because you have so little faith.”

Faith in what? Their own abilities to cast out demons? No. The lack of faith that they are displaying is in not believing what Jesus told them. They doubt Jesus. Again, Jesus gave them authority to cast out demons, but by doubting Jesus’s words (i.e., the word of God), they are unable to perform the task.

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through Him all things were made, and without Him nothing was made that has been made. In Him was life, and that life was the light of men. The Light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. (John 1:1-5)

Think of your Bible (the Word) as being a part of God. It is the words that came out of his mouth. It is a record of what God has said. Thus, if you want to put faith in Jesus Christ (which is how we are saved), you must therefore believe that what God said is true. Likewise, if you believe that what God said is true, you will desire to do what he said.

Let it not be that Jesus becomes exasperated with you. Instead, walk in faith.

Jesus continues, “For truly I tell you, if you have faith the size of a mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you.”

When I was in elementary school, my family and I lived in Colorado. I recall my parents visiting an elderly woman who lived in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. While at her house, I looked out her back door at the mountain rising steeply in front of me. Looking at it, I recalled this Bible verse and wondered if I said to that mountain, “Move,” would it move.

But remember, the doubt that Jesus is exasperated with is not that the disciples doubted themselves, but that they were doubting what Jesus had told them. Thus, to properly interpret this verse about moving mountains, we have to conclude that if Jesus sent you to move a mountain, and you had faith that what Jesus said is true, you could then say to the mountain, “Move,” and it would do so. The emphasis is not upon your will, but God’s. No matter how much faith you put in yourself, you cannot move a mountain unless God sends you to move it.

Also, I want to point out that many people have attempted to explain away this verse by suggesting that the mountain is merely an analogy to some type of obstacle one might have in life, but is not referring to an actual mountain. But I must sharply disagree and would be willing to point my finger at such people and say to them, “For how long must he put up with you?” because nothing is impossible for God. He created the Rocky Mountains by simply speaking to them. If God spoke from heaven and said to you, “Go to the Rocky Mountains, and tell them to move from there to here,” you could actually say to the mountains, “Move,” and God would move them according to his will.

Looking at the pictures below, do you believe that God could make the landscape on the left look like the landscape on the right? If your answer is yes, you have faith the size of a mustard seed. If you said no, keep asking the Lord to help you have more faith.

Verse 21

If you are reading from any of the following Bible translations, you might notice that your Bible does not include verse 21 in Matthew chapter 17, but rather skips it:

• Berean Standard Bible (BSB)
• English Standard Version (ESV)
• New International Version (NIV)
• New Living Translation (NLT)
• Christian Standard Bible (CSB)
• New American Standard Bible (NASB) – 2020 Edition

Many people have pointed to this as “proof” that all of these Bible translations are corrupted. But the reality is quite the opposite. Verse 21 does not appear at all in the oldest and most reliable copies of the Bible that exist. Rather, it was added at some point later. All of the above Bible translations were derived from the oldest and most reliable manuscripts and therefore do not include verse 21. Each of these Bible translations had over 100 Bible scholars work on them. I am confident in their findings and conclusion that verse 21 does not belong; therefore, I am choosing to skip it in this commentary.

Verses 22-23

When they gathered together in Galilee, Jesus told them, “The Son of Man is about to be delivered into the hands of men. They will kill Him, and on the third day He will be raised to life.” And the disciples were deeply grieved.

Commentary

The Son of Man is of course referring to Jesus and comes from the book of Daniel chapter 7. What he’s describing is the atonement for sin which will save all of those who put their faith in Jesus Christ. He’s going to be killed on the cross, a sinless, perfect sacrifice which takes upon himself all of our sins. By rising again on the third day, Jesus will conquer death on our behalf. Those who put their faith in Jesus will:

1. Have their sins forgiven: “As far as the east is from the west, so far has he removed our transgressions from us” (Psalm 103:12).

2. Enter into eternity to live forever with Christ: “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that everyone who believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him” (John 3:16-17).

This is the reason why Jesus is the only path to salvation. Who else died for your sins? No one. Who else conquered death? No one. Jesus Christ is the only path by which we can enter into eternal life.

Verses 24-27

After they had arrived in Capernaum, the collectors of the two-drachma tax came to Peter and asked, “Does your Teacher pay the two drachmas?” “Yes,” he answered.

When Peter entered the house, Jesus preempted him. “What do you think, Simon?” He asked. “From whom do the kings of the earth collect customs and taxes: from their own sons, or from others?” “From others,” Peter answered.

“Then the sons are exempt,” Jesus said to him. “But so that we may not offend them, go to the sea, cast a hook, and take the first fish you catch. When you open its mouth, you will find a four-drachma coin. Take it and give it to them for My tax and yours.”

Commentary

First, I reject the interpretation that this verse teaches any exemption from taxation. Jesus is not saying that he’s not paying the tax, or that Peter does not need to pay taxes, or that Christians are exempt from paying taxes. The point Jesus is making is not about taxation but rather that Jesus is once again declaring who he is: the Son of God, the Messiah, He is divine.

And if one sought to question that claim, Jesus then performs this miracle of having a fish bring them their tax in its mouth.

When reading these verses, I picture the following scenario: a person, perhaps a Roman soldier, went to the beach at the Sea of Galilee, and while walking in the water he was struck by a wave and it knocked a four-drachma coin from his pocket. That coin could have lain there in shallow water for a day, a month, or a year, but on this particular day, God sent a fish to go pick it up. With the coin in his mouth, God then sent that fish to go bite Peter’s hook.

I enjoy metal detecting on the beach. When a person walks into the water and then gets slammed by a big wave, it can easily knock their jewelry right off their fingers, wrist, ears, and even from around their neck. So it’s not uncommon, using a quality metal detector, to find gold and silver at the beach.

This passage shows the miraculous ways in which God can provide. Furthermore, the fact that Jesus knew of said coin and fish and accurately predicted that Peter would catch the fish is just another example that Jesus Christ is much more than merely a man.

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verse 1

Then the Pharisees and Sadducees came and tested Jesus by asking Him to show them a sign from heaven.

Commentary

The Pharisees baffle me. Jesus had been performing miracle after miracle, and now they come to him asking for a sign from heaven. Of course, they didn’t actually want to see a sign; they were looking for a way to accuse him of wrongdoing. This is one of the reasons Jesus often warned people not to tell anyone after he healed them; he didn’t want the Pharisees to interfere with his earthly ministry too soon.

Verses 2-4

But He replied, “When evening comes, you say, ‘The weather will be fair, for the sky is red,’ and in the morning, ‘Today it will be stormy, for the sky is red and overcast.’ You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but not the signs of the times. A wicked and adulterous generation demands a sign, but none will be given it except the sign of Jonah.” Then He left them and went away.

Commentary

Jesus offers the Pharisees a simple analogy about weather. When we see the sky is dark and cloudy, we know it’s likely about to rain. Jesus then reprimands them, saying, “You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but not the signs of the times.” This is particularly striking because Jesus suggests the signs of the times should be obvious. He was, of course, referring to the signs that pointed to himself as the coming Messiah. This was a tremendous rebuke of the Pharisees because they were experts in the law. They were the ones who diligently studied the scriptures and were supposed to be able to identify the signs of the times as they pertained to the coming Messiah, but they refused to do so. Even after bearing witness to Jesus healing a man with a withered hand (Matthew 12), rather than accepting him as a miracle worker, they instead plotted how they might kill him.

Jesus continues, “A wicked and adulterous generation demands a sign, but none will be given it except the sign of Jonah.” This, of course, is referring to the fact that Jesus would go into the grave for three days and then come back to life. He is comparing himself to Jonah, who was in the belly of a fish for three days and then was vomited onto dry land.

I’ve heard scoffers accuse the Bible of being a fairy tale when they say, “How could a man survive for three days inside a fish’s stomach?” But therein lies the analogy. We don’t know for sure, but perhaps Jonah died in the fish, just as Jesus died, was buried in the tomb, and was resurrected three days later.

We do know, however, that Jonah prayed from inside the fish:

From inside the fish, Jonah prayed to the LORD his God, saying: “In my distress I called to the LORD, and He answered me. From the belly of Sheol I called for help, and You heard my voice. For You cast me into the deep, into the heart of the seas, and the current swirled about me; all Your breakers and waves swept over me. At this, I said, ‘I have been banished from Your sight; yet I will look once more toward Your holy temple.’ The waters engulfed me to take my life; the watery depths closed around me; the seaweed wrapped around my head. To the roots of the mountains, I descended; the earth beneath me barred me in forever! But You raised my life from the pit, O LORD my God! As my life was fading away, I remembered the LORD. My prayer went up to You, to Your holy temple. Those who cling to worthless idols forsake His loving devotion. But I, with the voice of thanksgiving, will sacrifice to You. I will fulfill what I have vowed. Salvation is from the LORD!” And the LORD commanded the fish, and it vomited Jonah onto dry land. (Jonah 2:1-10)

Notice that Jonah said, “As my life was fading away…” It’s entirely plausible that Jonah had only enough time to pray this prayer before he suffocated and died inside the fish, and was later resurrected back to life after the fish vomited him onto the land. The point of all this is that Jesus is telling the Pharisees that the only sign they will be given is that, like Jonah, he will be buried for three days and then resurrected back to life.

As we’re going to see, however, the Pharisees will attempt to cover up the resurrection miracle by paying soldiers to lie. No matter what, the Pharisees were never going to accept Jesus as their Messiah. Even today nothing has changed. When people scream, “Prove to me that there is a God!” those same people, if they saw Jesus Christ rise from the dead, would lie and try to cover it up because in their hearts they’ve already decided there is no God. Like the Pharisees, nothing is going to change their minds, (see Luke 16:31).

Verses 5-12

When they crossed to the other side, the disciples forgot to take bread. “Watch out!” Jesus told them. “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” They discussed this among themselves and concluded, “It is because we did not bring any bread.”

Aware of their conversation, Jesus said, “You of little faith, why are you debating among yourselves about having no bread? Do you still not understand? Do you not remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many basketfuls you gathered? Or the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many basketfuls you gathered? How do you not understand that I was not telling you about bread? But beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.”
Then they understood that He was not telling them to beware of the leaven used in bread, but of the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

Commentary

From our position of hindsight and having also the infilling of the Holy Spirit, we may tend to view the disciples as being somewhat dumb because they so often fail to grasp what Jesus is talking about. Remember, however, that at this point the Holy Spirit had not yet been poured out upon the disciples. It’s not their lack of intelligence; it’s that they were not thinking spiritually. Instead, they were thinking carnally.

Those without the Holy Spirit (I’m thinking particularly of atheists who often want to debate Christians) will get offended when told they cannot understand the Bible. Thinking carnally, they assume we are accusing them of not being intelligent enough to understand the message of the Bible. That’s not the case. To understand the Bible, its true meaning must be spiritually discerned. Thus, without the Holy Spirit, how can one understand something that requires spiritual discernment? Stated more succinctly; to understand the Bible, its meaning must be revealed to us by God. God will not reveal these meanings to someone who lacks the Holy Spirit.

The disciples, however, have Jesus Christ in their presence. Even though they don’t yet have the Holy Spirit, whatever they don’t yet understand spiritually, Jesus is there to explain to them.

He says to the disciples, “How do you not understand that I was not telling you about bread? But beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.”

How can we be aware of the leaven of false teachers? By knowing the Word of God well. Also, by looking at the fruit on their tree. All false teachers have, to some degree or another, a low opinion of Scripture and of the Bible as a whole.

Here are a few examples: a New Testament scholar argues that the Bible contains contradictions; a theologian questions the inerrancy of Scripture; a professor of biblical studies claims the Bible is merely of human authorship; a famous pastor argues that belief in Jesus should not be based exclusively on the Bible. All of these are the leaven of the Pharisees and are false teachers.

In every instance when Jesus was being tempted by Satan, Jesus used the Word of God to refute Satan. In order to defend yourself against demonic influence and to avoid being deceived by false teachers and false doctrine, you must be very familiar with the Word of God. Read it in conjunction with prayer for understanding.

Remember, false doctrine is often very subtle. No pastor ever goes to the pulpit and announces, “Now I’m going to teach you false doctrine.” Even after having read the Bible so many times, I still sometimes hear false doctrine and at first nod my head because it sounds so nice. Only after a few minutes of thinking about it do I suddenly say to myself, “Wait a minute, that’s not what the Bible says.”

But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have told you (John 14:26). How can the Holy Spirit remind you of something you’ve never read?

Salvation is by faith, but how can you be certain you are putting your faith into the right thing unless you read the instruction manual? How can you be certain that what you believe is correct unless you read the book that defines truth? Read the Bible, beginning with the New Testament. Not once, not twice, you should read from the Bible daily for the rest of your life. You should read the Bible so much that you eventually wear out the book and have to buy another.

[If you find something in my New Testament commentaries that you believe to be false doctrine, and you can convince me through Scripture of why I am wrong, I will gladly edit my commentary. However, what I’ve found in my experience is that in almost every case, when someone disagrees with an interpretation, that person often times has formed their argument based upon what someone else told them rather than upon their own diligent study of the Bible. The Bible has 1,500+ pages. Most people do not want to read a book that big. Many Christians try to take shortcuts. They try to take the easy route. Many Christians are not willing to inconvenience themselves for the sake of Jesus. Many Christians are not willing to pick up their cross and follow Jesus. They prefer the lazy route of not having to study the Bible and instead form their spiritual beliefs based on what they’ve heard other people say. I challenge you to be self-critiquing. How much have you personally studied the Bible? How often have you prayed for spiritual understanding? If your honest answer is “not very much,” begin today pursuing Jesus.]

Verses 13-19

When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, He questioned His disciples: “Who do people say the Son of Man is?” They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”

“But what about you?” Jesus asked. “Who do you say I am?” Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah! For this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by My Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.”

Commentary

When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, which is in northern Israel, he questioned his disciples: “Who do people say the Son of Man is?” The phrase “Son of Man” is what Jesus frequently referred to himself as. It comes from the book of Daniel, in which Daniel was describing his vision.

In my vision in the night I continued to watch, and I saw One like the Son of Man coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into His presence. And He was given dominion, glory, and kingship, that the people of every nation and language should serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and His kingdom is one that will never be destroyed. (Daniel 7:13-14)

By calling himself “Son of Man,” Jesus is identifying himself as the divine King of Daniel’s vision. Jesus asks his disciples, “Who do people say I am?” They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”

In other words, the crowds of people that follow Jesus do not know and/or don’t understand that he is the Messiah. Of course, there are a few exceptions, but many of those exceptions are non-Jewish people such as the Canaanite woman from the previous chapter.

Then Jesus asks, “But what about you? Who do you say I am?” Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

Everything that follows hinges on this declaration; that Jesus is the Christ (the Messiah) and the Son of the living God.

Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah! For this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by My Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.”

The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus built his church on Peter. I disagree with that interpretation. Instead, I hold to the idea that Jesus is building his church on Peter’s declaration that Jesus is the Christ (meaning the Messiah) and that he is the Son of the living God.

Within verses 13-19 there are three important points about the future church. The first is Peter’s confession: “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” The second is the moment when Jesus says, “And I tell you that you are Peter…,” which itself was stated moments after Jesus also said, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah!” These two instances of Jesus calling Peter by name are a direct reference to and in deliberate contrast to his earlier warning about those he never knew.

Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only he who does the will of My Father in heaven. Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name drive out demons and perform many miracles?’ Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you workers of lawlessness!’ (Matthew 7:21-23)

When Jesus says, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah!” and “I tell you that you are Peter,” he is saying that he knows Peter by name. They are on a first-name basis. They have a relationship. They are friends. Jesus is saying, “Peter, I know you.” The interpretation is that the church is built upon being in relationship with Jesus Christ.

The rock upon which Jesus builds his church consists of faith in the truth that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God, and experiencing life in the Spirit; a genuine relationship with him. Jesus describes this as Spirit and truth.

“But a time is coming and has now come when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and in truth, for the Father is seeking such as these to worship Him.” (John 4:23)

Jesus then speaks of “keys,” “binding,” and “loosing,” all within the same context of how his church will be built. Keys grant access. Jesus is giving the keys of the kingdom to Peter and the disciples so that they can open the door of salvation to the whole world through the sharing of the gospel to all nations (see Matthew 28:18-20).

This third point is that the church is going to grow by one person telling another, beginning with Peter, who will preach the first gospel sermon in Acts 2, where three thousand people will be saved.

Binding and loosing refer to the opening and closing of the kingdom through the gospel. Faith in Christ opens the door; rejection of Christ leaves it shut.

The rock, then, can be interpreted as an assurance that the method by which his church is built will never change. Faith in Christ, life in the Spirit, and the proclamation of the gospel from person to person will endure until the end.

Verse 20

Then He admonished the disciples not to tell anyone that He was the Christ.

Commentary

We know that after he has risen from the grave, he will tell his followers to “go and make disciples of all nations….” But for now, he is instructing his disciples to tell no one. In order to build his church, Jesus needs to keep his disciples alive. Jesus has already aggravated the Pharisees to the point they want to kill him. If the disciples were to now begin running throughout Jerusalem declaring Jesus to be the Messiah, they would likely all end up crucified right alongside Jesus, and that would be the end of the church.

Verse 21

From that time on Jesus began to show His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that He must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.

Commentary

Speaking to his disciples, Jesus foretells everything that is going to happen to him. Jesus knows that the sheep are going to scatter, but by telling them exactly what is going to happen to him, and later their seeing it all come to pass exactly as he said it would, they will see firsthand that God is in control.

Verses 22-23

Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him. “Far be it from You, Lord!” he said. “This shall never happen to You!” But Jesus turned and said to Peter, “Get behind Me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to Me. For you do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men.”

Commentary

Jesus is fully man and fully God. As fully God, Jesus knows what is about to take place, and he informs his disciples.

Peter attempts to rebuke Jesus, saying this will never happen. I empathize with Peter because if my best friend informed me that somebody was trying to kill him, I too would rally to his defense and would seek to protect him. Jesus, however, knows that what he’s about to do next will bring the offer of salvation to the entire human race for all of time. Peter, on the other hand, is thinking carnally.

Notice also that Peter talks like a tough guy when the threat is far off. But we’ll soon see that as soon as he comes face to face with persecution, Peter crumbles under the pressure.

Jesus turned and said to Peter, “Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me. For you do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men.”

Verse 24

Then Jesus told His disciples, “If anyone wants to come after Me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow Me.

Commentary

What does it mean to deny yourself? It means there may be some things you want to do but are not going to. Jesus said, “For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and slander” (Matthew 15:19). This means that bad decisions and human vices come from following one’s heart. If we want to follow Jesus, there may be times that you have to deny yourself the things you long for. Pursuing wealth, fame, popularity, style, easy money, materialism, alcohol, and other worldly pleasures are all examples of things you may need to deny yourself when choosing to follow Jesus.

Then Jesus says that if anyone wants to follow him, he must take up his cross. Jesus carried the cross he was going to be crucified on. For us, this represents carrying a great burden. I want to examine this in light of two types of people: the free and the oppressed.

There are currently 193 countries on earth; of them, 166 countries (86%) outlaw, persecute, harass, or are otherwise hostile toward Christians. As I am writing this, Christians are being murdered in Nigeria. If you live in a country where Christianity is persecuted, the cross you must take up to follow Jesus is that of being persecuted for righteousness’ sake (see Matthew 5:10-12). Great will be your rewards in heaven.

On the other hand, if you live in a free country such as the United States, where at the present time there is little to no religious persecution against the average Christian, the cross you must carry is that of putting upon yourself a high level of self-discipline in your pursuit of God.

Salvation is by faith, not by works. We cannot earn salvation. But Jesus is saying that after you put your faith in him, in order to follow him, you may have to pick up a burden when following him.

Many Americans have time for sports, entertainment, recreation, hobbies, exercise, fashion, friends, and the pursuit of wealth and business, yet have no time for Jesus, the author of their salvation.

An Iranian couple once immigrated to the United States in order to escape the persecution they faced for their Christian belief. In Iran, if someone converts to Christianity, they face the possibility of discrimination, prison, torture, and the confiscation of their property. This couple came to the US to escape such terrible persecution. But after they were in the United States for a couple of years, the wife begged her husband that they should go back to Iran, where she felt daily the tremendous need to rely upon Jesus for her and her husband’s very lives. In the United States, she witnessed firsthand how quickly the human heart can grow cold toward Christ. She sat around watching TV, drinking lattes, and filling her belly with good food, and her heart began to become complacent.

Be careful not to forget the LORD your God by failing to keep His commandments and ordinances and statutes, which I am giving you this day. Otherwise, when you eat and are satisfied, when you build fine houses in which to dwell, and when your herds and flocks grow large and your silver and gold increase and all that you have is multiplied, then your heart will become proud, and you will forget the LORD your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. (Deuteronomy 8:11-14)

In Iran, Christians are being put in prison, and in Nigeria, Christians are being shot, but in the United States, nearly every household has a Bible that’s collecting dust on a bookshelf. Again, I declare, salvation is by faith, but this author holds that if you have no interest in God’s Word, you have no interest in God. And that such fruit may be an indication that you’re not yet saved.

Has the freedom we enjoy in the US caused you to become complacent and forget about God? In the United States, the cross we often must bear is the self-discipline required to throw off our luxury, comfort, and culture of indulgent entertainment and instead go into your room, shut the door, open your Bible, and spend time with Jesus. Not twice a year on Christmas and Easter, not once in a while when you feel like it, but every single day.

Are you going to spend time at the feet of Jesus in prayer and in his Word, or are you going to fritter away your evenings streaming movies on your television or scrolling video shorts on your phone while simultaneously claiming you don’t have time to read the Bible?

Where there is no persecution, Christians get lazy. This means that if you want to follow Jesus, you have to pick up your cross and overcome your own laziness. Salvation is by faith, but can a person who ignores Jesus claim they are walking in faith? You need to be reading God’s Word daily, and not just superficially but through prayer. Study God’s Word in depth. Develop a dynamic and organized prayer list in which you are often praying for your needs and the needs of others. Get yourself plugged into a quality church and Bible study where you have the opportunity to associate regularly with people who are spiritually wiser than yourself. Get around them and listen. Allow them to influence your journey with God. Don’t be one of those people who sneaks into the back of the church five minutes after the service started and then dashes out the door the second the pastor says, “Go in peace.” Arrive early, stay late, meet people. Get to know other Christians and ask about the church’s Bible studies and small group programs. Pray for such opportunities. And also pray that God would give you the blessed Holy Spirit.

I challenge you to make those things a high priority. It’s very easy for us Americans to leave church on Sunday and never again think about God until the following Sunday. Be willing to inconvenience yourself for the sake of following Jesus. Remember, we don’t earn our salvation. Salvation is by faith. But does a person who perpetually ignores God have faith? Jesus is saying if you want to follow him, be prepared for something that’s not convenient!

Verse 25

For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it.

Commentary

Going back to those who live in places where Christianity is persecuted, the person who tries to save his life by denying Jesus Christ will lose his life to hell, but the person who refuses to deny Jesus Christ, even when threatened with execution, will find his life in eternity with Jesus Christ in heaven.

Verse 26

What will it profit a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul?

Commentary

The length of eternity is incomprehensible. I prefer, instead to put the topic into smaller units that can be more readily understood. Let’s agree that 8,500 years is a subset of the length of eternity. Now consider that the average lifespan today is around 85 years. Your whole entire life on this earth is only 1% the length of our comprehendible unit of eternity. So then, what does it profit you, to lose 8,500 years of your life for the sake of a mere 85 years of self-indulgence? When a child who is eight and a half years old dies, we consider that a tragedy; but it’s exactly the same thing if you die at 85 and don’t make it into heaven.

Verse 27

For the Son of Man will come in His Father’s glory with His angels, and then He will repay each one according to what he has done.

Commentary

Remember, God is an all-loving God. Therefore, to be all-loving, he must be a God of justice. In a court of law, if the judge let a murderer go free because the judge wanted to “show him love,” that judge would be unjust, having no concern for the victim and their family. Likewise, an all-loving God must be a God of justice. He will repay evil people for the evil they have done.

But regarding those who are saved, they will be repaid for the good they have done. Again, salvation is by faith and not by works, but we will be rewarded for whatever good we did. “Well done, good and faithful servant!” (Matthew 25:21a).

Verse 28

Truly I tell you, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.”

Commentary

Does this mean that some standing there would live all the way into modern times (two thousand years) and not die until the second coming of Christ? That would be a fun sci-fi movie, but it’s not what this verse means.

This verse is about the transfiguration, which occurs on the very next page of the Bible, beginning with the first verse of Matthew 17.

After six days Jesus took with Him Peter, James, and John the brother of James, and led them up a high mountain by themselves. There He was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and His clothes became as white as the light. (Matthew 17:1-2)

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verses 1-9

Then some Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem and asked, “Why do Your disciples break the tradition of the elders? They do not wash their hands before they eat.”

Jesus replied, “And why do you break the command of God for the sake of your tradition? For God said, ‘Honor your father and mother’ and ‘Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.’ But you say that if anyone says to his father or mother, ‘Whatever you would have received from me is a gift devoted to God,’ he need not honor his father or mother with it. Thus you nullify the word of God for the sake of your tradition. You hypocrites! Isaiah prophesied correctly about you:

‘These people honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. They worship Me in vain; they teach as doctrine the precepts of men.’

Commentary

The Pharisees and scribes appear to be conflating the tradition of the elders with the worship of God. Anytime someone adds to the word of God, they are adding something God didn’t want there.

Jesus immediately points out their hypocrisy in that they nullify the word of God for the sake of following their tradition.

He then says, “These people honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me”

Today, honoring God with one’s lips while the heart is far from Him describes any person who calls themselves a “Christian” and goes through the motions of participating in Christian traditions but doesn’t actually have faith in Christ. Here are some simple examples: Anyone who attends church only on Christmas and Easter is a person who is following traditions, but whose heart is far from God. Anyone who perhaps goes to church every Sunday but who, from the back row, watches football highlights on their phone or plays a video game throughout the sermon, or perhaps doesn’t even enter the sanctuary at all but sits on the couch in the foyer eating donuts and drinking coffee during the sermon, has a heart far from God.

Let’s be clear: I myself have been seen sitting in the foyer eating donuts during a sermon on occasions when I was asked to show up early to help set up and arrived without breakfast. I’m not talking about occasional circumstances. I’m talking about a person who makes it their habit to be spiritually disengaged. The issue isn’t whether or not your behavior honors God; the issue is whether or not your heart loves God.

[And to the person who says, “I’ve been hurt in a church, and that’s why I no longer attend,” my advice is: go to a different church! There is a point at which reasons start to become excuses. When you received poor service at a restaurant, you didn’t afterward claim to have sworn off all restaurants, but that’s what you did with church because your heart is far from Christ.]

Verses 10-11

Jesus called the crowd to Him and said, “Listen and understand. A man is not defiled by what enters his mouth, but by what comes out of it.”

Commentary

Jesus speaks spiritual wisdom to the crowd; we will examine its meaning below when He explains it to the disciples in verses 16–20.

Verses 12-15

Then the disciples came to Him and said, “Are You aware that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this?” But Jesus replied, “Every plant that My heavenly Father has not planted will be pulled up by its roots. Disregard them! They are blind guides. If a blind man leads a blind man, both will fall into a pit.”

Peter said to Him, “Explain this parable to us.”

Commentary

The disciples asked if Jesus was aware the Pharisees were offended. Why do you suppose Jesus offends people? Our culture often seeks to paint a picture of Jesus as being a soft, all-loving man who perhaps just wants to give everyone a hug. In reality, however, Jesus wants everyone to turn from their wicked ways, and he rebukes, judges, and condemns those who claim to be religious but are actually leading others astray.

Jesus says “Every plant that My heavenly Father has not planted will be pulled up by its roots”, a reference to the parable of the weeds in Matthew 13:24-30 & 36-43.

Jesus then tells his disciples to disregard the Pharisees. Keep in mind that they were the preeminent religious leaders of the time. Always be cautious of spiritual leaders until their character has been proven and you’ve had a chance to see the fruit on their tree. There’s nothing worse than spending years attending a church and only then discovering that you’ve been following a Pharisee. This happens because people want to assume a pastor is a person of integrity. However, that’s not always the case. Instead, enter every church with healthy skepticism, looking for what’s wrong. But again, to do this correctly, you must know the Word of God. Otherwise, you’ll judge the pastor according to your preferences.

Verses 16-20

“Do you still not understand?” Jesus asked. “Do you not yet realize that whatever enters the mouth goes into the stomach and then is eliminated? But the things that come out of the mouth come from the heart, and these things defile a man. For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and slander. These are what defile a man, but eating with unwashed hands does not defile him.”

Commentary

Many skeptics and naysayers have labeled Christians hypocrites because we eat pork, shrimp, lobster, and catfish (see Leviticus chapter 11). But such people fail to understand two important points:

One: Salvation is not by works. The Bible is not a self-help book of behavior modification. Christians don’t search the Bible looking for a list of approved behaviors.

For it is by grace you have been saved through faith, and this not from yourselves; it is the gift of God, not by works, so that no one can boast. (Ephesians 2:8-9)

Second: The purpose of the Levitical law was not for salvation but rather to show us that we are all sinners in need of a Savior.

Therefore no one will be justified in His sight by works of the law. For the law merely brings awareness of sin. (Romans 3:20)

What comes out of the heart is that which defiles a person, not what goes into their stomach. The human heart is inherently evil, however, when we put our faith in Christ and as a result are filled with the Holy Spirit, we die to sin and become alive to Christ (see the entire book of Romans).

Verses 21-28

Leaving that place, Jesus withdrew to the district of Tyre and Sidon. And a Canaanite woman from that region came to Him, crying out, “Lord, Son of David, have mercy on me! My daughter is miserably possessed by a demon.”

But Jesus did not answer a word. So His disciples came and urged Him, “Send her away, for she keeps crying out after us.” He answered, “I was sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.” The woman came and knelt before Him. “Lord, help me!” she said.

But Jesus replied, “It is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.” “Yes, Lord,” she said, “even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their master’s table.” “O woman,” Jesus answered, “your faith is great! Let it be done for you as you desire.” And her daughter was healed from that very hour.

Commentary

Jesus left Israel and went to Tyre and Sidon. A Canaanite woman (a Gentile, someone who is not Jewish) approached him begging that he heal her daughter. But Jesus at first refused because he needed to bring his ministry to Israel first. Why Israel first?

You worship what you do not know; we worship what we do know, for salvation is from the Jews. (John 4:22)

I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, first to the Jew, then to the Greek. (Romans 1:16)

Then Paul and Barnabas answered them boldly: “It was necessary to speak the word of God to you first. But since you reject it and do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life, we now turn to the Gentiles. For this is what the Lord has commanded us: ‘I have made you a light for the Gentiles, to bring salvation to the ends of the earth.’” (Acts 13:46)

I ask then, did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Certainly not! However, because of their trespass, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel jealous. But if their trespass means riches for the world, and their failure means riches for the Gentiles, how much greater riches will their fullness bring! (Romans 11:11-12)

It was very important that Jesus’s earthly ministry be presented first to Israel, so that after they rejected him, he could bring salvation to the rest of the world.

Jesus said, “It is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.” The children are God’s chosen people, the Israelites. The dogs are the Gentiles (non-Jewish people).

When she responded, ‘Yes, Lord, but even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their master’s table,’ she was confessing that Jesus is Lord by calling him her Master.

that if you confess with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. For with your heart you believe and are justified, and with your mouth you confess and are saved. (Romans 10:9-10)

This woman is speaking a faith that justifies and saves. She confesses with her mouth, she believes in her heart that Jesus is Lord. Thus, she is justified by her faith. This is something the Pharisees and Sadducees repeatedly refused to do.

Jesus answered, “O woman, your faith is great! Let it be done for you as you desire.” And her daughter was healed from that very hour.

Verses 29-39

Moving on from there, Jesus went along the Sea of Galilee. Then He went up on a mountain and sat down. Large crowds came to Him, bringing the lame, the blind, the crippled, the mute, and many others, and laid them at His feet, and He healed them. The crowd was amazed when they saw the mute speaking, the crippled restored, the lame walking, and the blind seeing. And they glorified the God of Israel.

Then Jesus called His disciples to Him and said, “I have compassion for this crowd, because they have already been with Me three days and have nothing to eat. I do not want to send them away hungry, or they may faint along the way.” The disciples replied, “Where in this desolate place could we find enough bread to feed such a large crowd?”

“How many loaves do you have?” Jesus asked. “Seven,” they replied, “and a few small fish.” And He instructed the crowd to sit down on the ground. Taking the seven loaves and the fish, He gave thanks and broke them. Then He gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the people.

They all ate and were satisfied, and the disciples picked up seven basketfuls of broken pieces that were left over. A total of four thousand men were fed, besides women and children. After Jesus had dismissed the crowds, He got into the boat and went to the region of Magadan.

Commentary

Once again, Jesus provided for the people by creating something out of nothing. There were only seven loaves of bread and a few small fish. So then, where did the seven basketfuls of broken pieces come from, not to mention the fact that all 4,000 men plus women and children ate their fill and were satisfied? God created all the additional food out of nothing. Despite the fact that God rested from his work at the end of the creation week, he is still able to create things from nothing. This should be a great encouragement in that nothing is impossible for God. If God can create something out of nothing, then there is no limit to his abilities. Our earthly lives can be boiled down to merely the gathering and utilizing of resources (I need food, I need shelter, I need clothing, I need transportation, I need communication). If God is able to provide for people in such miraculous ways, there is no reason why we cannot depend upon him for everything.

Some will say, ‘God doesn’t work in such miraculous ways today,’ and I would more or less agree. But the issue is not how he works, but rather that he is capable of doing anything to provide for you.

Our curse, which came through Adam and Eve’s sin, is that we toil and labor and earn our living by the sweat of our brow (Genesis chapter 3). Thus, we can’t sit under a shade tree and expect God to act like our servant bringing us lunch on a platter. Rather, when we put our faith in Christ, we know that he has the ability to work things for our benefit.

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verse 1-2

At that time Herod the tetrarch heard the reports about Jesus and said to his servants, “This is John the Baptist; he has risen from the dead! That is why miraculous powers are at work in him.”

Commentary

Perhaps Herod had some guilt or regret about having killed John the Baptist, because it appears that John the Baptist weighed heavily on his mind.

Verses 3-12

Now Herod had arrested John and bound him and put him in prison on account of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife, because John had been telling him, “It is not lawful for you to have her.” Although Herod wanted to kill John, he was afraid of the people, because they regarded John as a prophet.

On Herod’s birthday, however, the daughter of Herodias danced before them and pleased Herod so much that he promised with an oath to give to her whatever she asked. Prompted by her mother, she said, “Give me here on a platter the head of John the Baptist.”

The king was grieved, but because of his oaths and his guests, he ordered that her wish be granted and sent to have John beheaded in the prison. John’s head was brought in on a platter and presented to the girl, who carried it to her mother.

Then John’s disciples came and took his body and buried it. And they went and informed Jesus.

Commentary

Herod arrested John merely for having told him that he shouldn’t be sleeping with his brother’s wife. Herod wanted to kill John but was afraid of the people because everyone regarded John as a prophet.

I’ve always wondered whether the little girl (the daughter of Herodias) grew up, became mature, and then realized in hindsight the opportunity she had missed and how horribly selfish her mother had been. That little girl could have asked for money and resources enough to be wealthy for the rest of her life, and Herod would have given it. She went to her mother to ask for advice, but that selfish scumbag of a mother told her to ask for John the Baptist’s head; something that was of no benefit whatsoever to the little girl. Herod reluctantly agreed and had John beheaded.

Verses 13-21

When Jesus heard about John, He withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place. But the crowds found out about it and followed Him on foot from the towns. When He stepped ashore and saw a large crowd, He had compassion on them and healed their sick.

When evening came, the disciples came to Him and said, “This is a desolate place, and the hour is already late. Dismiss the crowds so they can go to the villages and buy themselves some food.” “They do not need to go away,” Jesus replied. “You give them something to eat.”

“We have here only five loaves of bread and two fish,” they answered.

“Bring them here to Me,” Jesus said. And He directed the crowds to sit down on the grass. Taking the five loaves and the two fish and looking up to heaven, He spoke a blessing. Then He broke the loaves and gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the people.

They all ate and were satisfied, and the disciples picked up twelve basketfuls of broken pieces that were left over. About five thousand men were fed, besides women and children.

Commentary

In the feeding of the five thousand men, besides women and children, we see that although God rested from all his work after the creation week, he still continues to create physical things out of nothing. And on this occasion, he did so to provide for the people. The same was true of the manna from heaven documented in Exodus chapter 16. God created something out of nothing for the sake of people’s provision.

However, I don’t believe this is how God normally operates. Instead, God most often works through other people, giving both the receiver and the giver the opportunity to be blessed. One of the takeaways, however, from reading about the feeding of the five thousand should be that nothing is impossible for God when it comes to taking care of you.

When I was in my mid-twenties, I was, on one occasion, at the home of my spiritual mentor. We were sitting in his living room, and at one point he got up and went to the restroom. During his absence, there was a knock at the door. Figuring my friend was otherwise occupied, I went and opened the door. Two men stood outside and said, “We’ve brought you some groceries.” I assumed these were some acquaintances of my friend, so I invited them in, and they brought in several bags of groceries, set them on the counter, offered their departing farewells, and left. A few moments later, when my friend emerged from the bathroom, he looked at all the groceries on the counter and asked, “What’s all this?” I told him about the two men, and he asked, “Who were they?” I said I had not asked for their names, but I described what they looked like and described the vehicle they drove. My friend, however, had absolutely no idea who they might have been and was in no way expecting anyone to deliver groceries. But it’s worth noting that my friend had been praying for God’s provision because he didn’t have enough money that week for groceries.

Verses 22-24

Immediately Jesus made the disciples get into the boat and go on ahead of Him to the other side, while He dismissed the crowds. After He had dismissed them, He went up on the mountain by Himself to pray. When evening came, He was there alone, but the boat was already far from land, buffeted by the waves because the wind was against it.

Commentary

Jesus went up on the mountain to pray. He didn’t pray for 30 seconds. He was up there on the mountain praying until evening came. The amount of time he spent in prayer was enough for the disciples to row far from land against rough waters and with the wind against them. So I’m guessing that Jesus prayed for at least an hour or more.

I suspect that most people seldom pray, and of those who do, I presume many pray with brevity. I encourage you, however, to form the habit of spending quality time with Jesus in prayer. By no means am I suggesting that correct prayer is defined by its length. However, what I am suggesting is that if you have never spent an uninterrupted half-hour in prayer with our Lord Jesus Christ, you are missing out on the most essential aspect of a relationship with Him.

Organize your prayers in a text document, preferably on your phone. Start by writing down “Praise God,” or if you prefer, write “Our Father in heaven, hallowed be Your name.” Then write down every reason that God is worthy of praise, including everything which God has done for you.

In your prayer list, write down the names of each of your family members. Pray for them individually. Then write down the names of your friends. Pray for each by name. Write down the prayer requests you’ve recently received. For example, you’re at a Bible study and a person asks that everyone pray for his daughter. You write that on your prayer list so that you can remember to pray for her.

Lastly, write down your own needs, concerns, and worries, and then pray about those as well. And finally, don’t forget to take a little time to be quiet and listen. In your prayer, say, “Lord, I’m going to be quiet now and listen for your voice. If there’s anything you want to say, I’m listening.”

Something else I recommend that can readily extend the duration and quality of your prayer life is to go on a prayer walk. When you’re at home trying to pray, the dog may be barking, the children may be screaming, the cat may be pressing against you asking for attention; it is very hard to remain focused while at home. But if you plot a walking course that you know will take 20 or 30 minutes to traverse, starting at your front door and ending at your front door, you’ll find you have plenty of time for quality prayer in solitude: just you and Jesus.

Verses 25-33

During the fourth watch of the night, Jesus went out to them, walking on the sea. When the disciples saw Him walking on the sea, they were terrified. “It’s a ghost!” they said, and cried out in fear. But Jesus spoke up at once: “Take courage! It is I. Do not be afraid.”

“Lord, if it is You,” Peter replied, “command me to come to You on the water.” “Come,” said Jesus.

Then Peter got down out of the boat, walked on the water, and came toward Jesus. But when he saw the strength of the wind, he was afraid and, beginning to sink, cried out, “Lord, save me!” Immediately Jesus reached out His hand and took hold of Peter. “You of little faith,” He said, “why did you doubt?”

And when they had climbed back into the boat, the wind died down. Then those who were in the boat worshiped Him, saying, “Truly You are the Son of God!”

Commentary

I’ve heard scholarly people try to explain away the miracle of Jesus walking on water. Some say he was walking on ice. Others say he was walking on a sandbar. Pessimists such as these are merely searching for any excuse to say that nothing miraculous happened and that Jesus was no one special. So then, how did Jesus walk on the surface of liquid water, on top of a lake that is 140 feet deep?

There is an insect called a water strider. They are common in freshwater creeks and streams. They readily walk on the surface of water by means of the water’s surface tension. I suspect that when both Jesus and Peter walked on the surface of the Sea of Galilee, God had miraculously altered the surface tension of the water in such a way that it was able to support their body weight, much the same way a water strider is able to walk on the surface of a pond.

Regardless of how the miracle occurred, the disciples in the boat rightly agreed that Jesus was the Son of God.

Verses 34-36

When they had crossed over, they landed at Gennesaret. And when the men of that place recognized Jesus, they sent word to all the surrounding region. People brought all the sick to Him and begged Him just to let them touch the fringe of His cloak. And all who touched Him were healed.

Commentary

Contrast the people of Gennesaret to the people of Nazareth.

Coming to His hometown, He taught the people in their synagogue, and they were astonished. “Where did this man get such wisdom and miraculous powers?” they asked. “Isn’t this the carpenter’s son? Isn’t His mother’s name Mary, and aren’t His brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas? Aren’t all His sisters with us as well? Where then did this man get all these things?” And they took offense at Him. But Jesus said to them, “Only in his hometown and in his own household is a prophet without honor.” And He did not do many miracles there, because of their unbelief. (Matthew 13:54-58)

Meanwhile, the people of Gennesaret brought all the sick to Him and begged Him just to let them touch the fringe of His cloak. And all who touched Him were healed.

What does this contrast tell you? Your belief is what welcomes God to do His will and work in your life. Your unbelief is what pushes God away from blessing you.

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verses 1-2

That same day Jesus went out of the house and sat by the sea. Such large crowds gathered around Him that He got into a boat and sat down, while all the people stood on the shore.

Commentary

An ingenious method for creating both a stage and an amphitheater: He sits in a boat a few feet from shore while his “audience” stands along the shoreline.

Verses 3-9

And He told them many things in parables, saying, “A farmer went out to sow his seed. And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it. Some fell on rocky ground, where it did not have much soil. It sprang up quickly because the soil was shallow. But when the sun rose, the seedlings were scorched, and they withered because they had no root.

Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up and choked the seedlings. Still other seed fell on good soil and produced a crop—a hundredfold, sixtyfold, or thirtyfold.

He who has ears, let him hear.”

Commentary

Jesus then presents the parable of the sower to the crowd, which we will examine below when He explains its meaning to the disciples in verses 18-23.

Verses 10-17

Then the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why do You speak to the people in parables?”

He replied, “The knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them. Whoever has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. This is why I speak to them in parables:

‘Though seeing, they do not see; though hearing, they do not hear or understand.’ In them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled:

‘You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving. For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’

But blessed are your eyes because they see, and your ears because they hear. For truly I tell you, many prophets and righteous men longed to see what you see but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it.

Commentary

The disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why do You speak to the people in parables?” This is a great question which Jesus is about to answer. If I had been there among the disciples, I might also have been inclined (out of ignorance and limited spiritual understanding), to raise my hand and suggest that more people could be saved if He presented His message more plainly.

Can you imagine if missionaries from your church traveled to foreign countries today and then intentionally spoke to the people in parables so that they would not understand? It seems to make little sense. Why would Jesus not want people to understand?

He then explains, “The knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them.”

The kingdom of heaven has mysteries? The Bible says that God rewards those who earnestly seek Him (Hebrews 11:6). This is why I believe self-discipline is an important part of our daily worship. Again, salvation is by faith, not by works, but God desires to reward those who earnestly seek Him.

Let’s compare two people in modern times. The first says he doesn’t have time to read the Bible. The second makes time to study God’s Word daily, even when his schedule is busy or he doesn’t feel like reading. Between the two, which one will be rewarded with the knowledge to understand the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven?

Likewise, the person who prays regularly and seeks God consistently is the one who is rewarded with the knowledge of these mysteries. Similarly, the one who takes time out of a busy schedule to fellowship with mature and wise believers is also rewarded with this knowledge.

For example, I know some Christians who shrug their shoulders and claim we’re just not meant to understand the book of Revelation. Yet I also know other Christians who can explain it in great detail (granted, there are different interpretations), but my focus here is on those who don’t even want to try to understand it. Why? Because they’re not interested. Perhaps the self-discipline required for diligent Bible study feels too laborious for them. Thus, it remains a mystery.

Yet the person whose burning desire is to know God more will make Bible study a lifestyle. They will study the Bible in great detail over the course of years and decades. Those who earnestly desire to know God are the ones rewarded with the knowledge of these mysteries.

Jesus gave the knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven to His disciples, but not to the crowds. Why? “Whoever has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. This is why I speak to them in parables.” (Matthew 13:12-13a)

Whoever Has and whoever does not have? Have what? I believe verse 15 gives us the answer: “For this people’s heart has grown callous.” It appears that the person who has a heart for God will be given even more of a heart for God, but the person who does not have a heart for God may have his heart hardened further by God.

Jesus spoke in parables to the crowds because he knew they didn’t really have a heart for God; they were just following Him because they wanted him to give them stuff; food, healing, and so on.

Verses 18-23

Consider, then, the parable of the sower: When anyone hears the message of the kingdom but does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is the seed sown along the path.

The seed sown on rocky ground is the one who hears the word and at once receives it with joy. But since he has no root, he remains for only a season. When trouble or persecution comes because of the word, he quickly falls away.

The seed sown among the thorns is the one who hears the word, but the worries of this life and the deceitfulness of wealth choke the word, and it becomes unfruitful.

But the seed sown on good soil is the one who hears the word and understands it. He indeed bears fruit and produces a crop—a hundredfold, sixtyfold, or thirtyfold.”

Commentary

The seed sown along the path

Jesus then goes on to explain the parable of the Sower. In his explanation, we see that there are four types of responses to hearing the good news of Jesus Christ (the message of the kingdom). The first is the person who doesn’t understand it; demonic forces come and snatch away what little was sown into their heart.

In the book of Romans the apostle Paul writes “Therefore I urge you, brothers, on account of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God, which is your spiritual service of worship. Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will of God. (Romans 12:1-2)

I want to focus here on being transformed by the renewing of your mind. Let’s assume for a moment that you hear the gospel, a sermon, or a Bible study teacher expounding God’s Word (i.e. you hear the message of the kingdom), but you do not understand it. What should you do? It should be your desire to ask questions and seek understanding. You should have an inner desire to seek wisdom. The one who is indifferent is the one from whom it is snatched away.

The “Rule of 7” is a commonly cited principle explaining how people internalize information: individuals often don’t fully understand, accept, or commit to a message until they’ve encountered it seven to ten times. Only after this repeated exposure does the message finally sink in and click.

The person who hears the gospel once, doesn’t understand it, shrugs his shoulders and goes back to whatever he was doing before, demonstrates that he doesn’t really care. But the one who says, “Wait a minute, can you repeat that?” or “Let me take a closer look at that,” shows genuine interest in God and a desire to understand what they are being told. They will go back and read it again, and again. They may pray for understanding, consult multiple translations, or listen to a sermon on the passage. This is the person who will eventually get it; they will come to understand.

The seed sown on rocky ground

The second type of person in the parable of the sower is “the seed sown on rocky ground.” This is the one who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy, but because he has no root, he remains only for a season.

Receiving the word with joy but having no root; what does that mean? I suspect it describes a person who has head knowledge about Christ but has never been filled with the Holy Spirit. It is knowledge of the mind without transformation of the heart.

These people honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. (Matthew 15:8)

If you desire God, ask, seek and knock, and he will give you the Holy Spirit.

“Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and the door will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives; he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks, the door will be opened.” (Matthew 7:7-8)

I have met people who can give all the right answers when asked about their faith; a knowledge probably gained in youth, perhaps from a time when their parents took them regularly to Sunday school. They can talk about Jesus Christ and Him crucified. They can speak at length about the cleansing of sins and the sacrificial Lamb, yet this same person does not attend church, has no Christian fellowship, does not read the Bible, and does not pray. Although they have plenty of time for hobbies and games, they have no time for God. The rocky ground is their heart. They received the message and considered it good news, yet all of that head knowledge is useless if the message never moved to their heart.

I’ve also heard many accounts of people who were once Christians but are no longer. Such people may have once praised the name of Jesus. They may have volunteered at church, led Bible studies, or sung on the church stage, yet today they no longer even believe in God. They lasted for only a season. As soon as something in their life made it inconvenient to follow God, they quit. For them, God was like a hobby; no different than when I once took up shoreline fishing. It was fun while it lasted, but when financial difficulties arose, I no longer wanted to pay for frozen shrimp and squid every time I went fishing. I put my fishing pole away and quit.

When a person has no root (the Holy Spirit) their involvement in Christianity is a hobby. When it becomes inconvenient, they will quit. This can happen to laypeople, pastors, elders, deacons, worship leaders; anyone. If you are not yet filled with the Holy Spirit, you are not yet a true follower of Jesus Christ. Being filled with the Holy Spirit requires faith; you must genuinely desire God. I suspect that many of those who have no root are seeking some other superficial benefit of being a Christian: friendships, finding romance or a spouse, or perhaps receiving accolades from people. For pastors who have no root and do not last, I suspect it was merely a career choice.

There are many well-known former pastors who are now atheists. A simple Google search will reveal several names. They are the seed that fell on rocky ground. They had no root. They never sought, nor asked for, the Holy Spirit. They were an empty shell; like a seashell on the beach: beautiful on the outside, but with nothing living on the inside.

The seed sown among the thorns

The seed sown among the thorns represents the one who hears the word, but the worries of this life and the deceitfulness of wealth choke it, making it unfruitful. Let’s first consider the worries of life, and then we’ll examine the deceitfulness of wealth.

Notice that, unlike the first two types of individuals, this person is saved but unfruitful. The first did not understand the gospel, and it was snatched away. The second received it for a time but fell away when difficulties arose. The third, however, is not described as unsaved, only as unfruitful.

Christians can move in and out of this group repeatedly throughout their lives. Whenever worries arise, they can distract an individual to the point of becoming unfruitful.

There have been times when my own problems occupied so much of my mind and mental energy that I had little empathy for the prayer requests my church sent out by email. For example, when my car broke down and I didn’t have enough money for the repair, I found myself very worried about how I was going to get to work and earn my paycheck. At the same time, I received an email asking for prayer for a church member’s sister’s teenage daughter who was about to take an important math test. I found it difficult to be concerned about a high school student’s math test when I was on the verge of losing my job because I had no transportation.

When I am weighed down by the worries of this life, I find that my prayers become almost entirely inward-focused. There is little upward focus toward God and almost no outward focus toward others. Unless someone is dying, I find that when my own problems seem so big, I tend to have little concern for other people’s struggles, including their need to hear the gospel. The worries of this life cause me to become unfruitful.

Walking in faith means having complete trust that what Jesus Christ said, what the Word of God says, is true. If Jesus Christ is true and the Word of God is true (which is what we place our faith in), then when we read in Scripture that God is our provider, we should be able to make a conscious decision to trust that God will provide, or at the very least, that He has a better plan. Furthermore, God also said:

If any of you lacks wisdom, he should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to him. (James 1:5)

Thus, if you are struggling, and the cause of your struggle is your own lack of wisdom (i.e. your struggles are the results of your own poor decisions) you should have the faith to ask for wisdom, as the Bible instructs, and believe that God will give it, just as Scripture says He will. Walking in faith is the act of making conscious decisions based upon your willingness to believe that what God said is true, even when your present circumstances seem to point to the opposite.

Walking in faith is a willingness to set aside what present circumstances appear to be and instead choose to act on the belief that what God has said is true, a belief that is, of course, accompanied by abundant prayer.

The deceitfulness of wealth

First, let’s define what wealth is. In the United States, when people talk about the wealthy, they are most often referring to millionaires and billionaires. However, if you live in the U.S. and earn $35,000 a year, you’re among the top 10% of wealthiest people in the world. Therefore, when you read in the Bible about the deceitfulness of wealth, do not assume it doesn’t apply to you simply because you’re not a millionaire.

Now consider the meaning of the word “deceitfulness.” It means to mislead someone through lies and trickery. A deceived person is not someone who devised a crafty plan to do evil; on the contrary, they are misled. They fully believe they are doing the right thing, but in reality they are unknowingly following a lie.

What is the deceitfulness of wealth?

A reality of life is that aside from salvation, love and friendships, money can solve all other problems. There is no problem in life, besides the three aforementioned, that money can’t solve.

If you’re hungry, with money you can buy food. If you’re cold, with money you can buy warm clothes. If you need transportation, with money you can buy a car. If you need faster transportation, with money you can buy an airline ticket, and at your destination pay for a hotel. I can go on and on. Money is the solution to nearly every problem.

Because money is a universal remedy for problems, it’s understandable that those who lack money place their hope in obtaining it. Likewise, it’s easy to see how those who have a lot of money can come to rely on it and place their trust in the money they have.

Meanwhile, Jesus Christ wants us to put our hope, reliance and trust in Him. To overcome the deceitfulness of wealth, one must recognize that while money could solve all your problems, your hope must remain in Christ.

The seed sown on good soil

But the seed sown on good soil is the one who hears the word and understands it. He indeed bears fruit and produces a crop—a hundredfold, sixtyfold, or thirtyfold.” (Matthew 13:23)

The good soil is operating our lives in faith to Jesus Christ.

What is the crop? It is the spreading of the gospel, contributing to the spiritual growth and maturity of others, and supporting ministries and missionaries that do the same.

When a kernel of corn is planted in good soil, what does it produce? An ear of corn containing hundreds of kernels. If you’re a follower of Christ, you’re planted into the good soil and the crop you produce is more Christ followers. Sometimes 30x, 60x or 100x more followers of Christ.

[Notice that the description of the good soil above can help us better understand the thorny soil mentioned earlier. The Christian who makes no effort to create more Christians is unfruitful.]

Here is a list of ways a Christian can help create more Christians: pray; volunteer at church so that visitors have a welcoming and pleasant experience and want to return; tithe so your church can operate; financially support missionaries so they can continue sharing the gospel in other countries; support ministries that bring the light of the gospel to various places; and tell others of what Christ has done for you.

Verses 24-30

Jesus put before them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field. But while everyone was asleep, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and slipped away. When the wheat sprouted and bore grain, then the weeds also appeared.

The owner’s servants came to him and said, ‘Sir, didn’t you sow good seed in your field? Where then did the weeds come from?’ ‘An enemy did this,’ he replied. So the servants asked him, ‘Do you want us to go and pull them up?’

‘No,’ he said, ‘if you pull the weeds now, you might uproot the wheat with them. Let both grow together until the harvest. At that time I will tell the harvesters: First collect the weeds and tie them in bundles to be burned; then gather the wheat into my barn.’”

Commentary

Jesus then presents the parable of the weeds to the crowd, which we’ll explore in the commentary below when He explains its meaning to His disciples in verses 37-43.

Verses 31-32

He put before them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed that a man took and planted in his field. Although it is the smallest of all seeds, yet it grows into the largest of garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and nest in its branches.”

Commentary

Jesus does not explain the meaning of this parable as He did with the others, so I will offer my best attempt to interpret it here.

When we talk about sharing the gospel with others, we may often mistakenly assume that it’s our job to ensure they become saved. While that can sometimes happen, we should not expect that a brief conversation with a non-believer will immediately lead them to their knees to accept Christ as their Savior. That is unlikely.

Instead, we should think in terms of planting seeds. The mustard seed is very small, like a grain of sand. Our prayer should be that each day we have the opportunity to plant a small seed of faith in someone’s life.

Here’s an example of how the Lord works his will in the life of an unbeliever:

I planted the seed and Apollos watered it, but God made it grow. So neither he who plants nor he who waters is anything, but only God, who makes things grow. He who plants and he who waters are one in purpose, and each will be rewarded according to his own labor. For we are God’s fellow workers; you are God’s field, God’s building. (1 Corinthians 3:6-9)

Imagine a coworker comes to you and shares some good news. You respond, “Oh, praise God, that is a blessing from the Lord.” Perhaps that’s all you say about God, but it is enough to plant a tiny seed in that person.

A few days later, someone else enters that person’s life and waters that tiny seed. And a few days after that, yet another person interacts with them and waters the seed again. Over time, these repeated waterings cause the seed to begin growing. Perhaps the person finds themselves thinking of God more often, and their heart starts to soften. Then, one day, they have a conversation with another person who senses they are on the fence. That person shares the gospel, and they accept Jesus as their Savior.

None of the previous people are aware of one another or of the waterings that took place before their encounter with this person. The individual may not even remember all the people who spoke words of truth into his life. But little by little, the seed grows into a faith that leads them to salvation. Thus, within the person, the kingdom of heaven grows into a spiritually large tree, even though it all began with the tiniest seed.

Verse 33

He told them still another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like leaven that a woman took and mixed into three measures of flour, until all of it was leavened.”

Commentary

Jesus is reinforcing the same point He made in the parable of the mustard seed. Leaven is mixed into the flour until it permeates the entire batch. The leaven is like the tiny seed, and mixing the flour is like watering the seed.

Verses 34-35

Jesus spoke all these things to the crowds in parables. He did not tell them anything without using a parable. So was fulfilled what was spoken through the prophet:

“I will open My mouth in parables; I will utter things hidden since the foundation of the world.”

Commentary

Recall earlier that Jesus said the reason He speaks to the crowds in parables is because their hearts were hard. God is looking for people who will worship Him in faith, rather than follow Him because He gives them things. The disciples had softer hearts, and thus God allowed them to understand His parables. And where they didn’t understand, Jesus explained it to them using plain language.

In the Gospel of John, we see this clearly from the very beginning. When the first disciples, who had been with John the Baptist, heard John’s testimony about the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world, they immediately began following Jesus. One even ran to fetch his brother and told him, “We have found the Messiah.” From the start of Jesus’s ministry, His disciples (with the exception of Judas) had already placed their faith in Him (see John 1:35–51).

Verse 36

Then Jesus dismissed the crowds and went into the house. His disciples came to Him and said, “Explain to us the parable of the weeds in the field.”

Commentary

I find it interesting that Jesus dismissed the crowds and sent them away. Earlier, He spoke to them in parables because their hearts were hard, and now Jesus is sending people away from Himself. This is very reminiscent of Him saying, in Matthew chapter seven, “Depart from Me; I never knew you.”

Elsewhere, the Bible says, “Everyone the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will never drive away” (John 6:37). Yet here we see Jesus sending people away. Why? Because they were not given to Jesus by the Father. They were seeking only to get something from Him, but they did not put their faith in Him.

Verses 37-43

He replied, “The One who sows the good seed is the Son of Man. The field is the world, and the good seed represents the sons of the kingdom. The weeds are the sons of the evil one, and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels.

As the weeds are collected and burned in the fire, so will it be at the end of the age. The Son of Man will send out His angels, and they will weed out of His kingdom every cause of sin and all who practice lawlessness. And they will throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father.

He who has ears, let him hear.

Commentary

Without question, this is an end-times prophecy. Those who are not saved will be cast into the lake of fire, and the righteous will receive glorified bodies. The weeds being thrown into the furnace takes place immediately after the great day of judgment, which follows the Millennial reign of Jesus Christ, itself coming after the tribulation.

Verse 44

The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field. When a man found it, he hid it again, and in his joy he went and sold all he had and bought that field.

Commentary

The key point of this verse is that the man sold all he had to raise enough money to buy the field containing the treasure. In other words, the buried treasure was far more valuable than all his earthly possessions combined. This illustrates how priceless your entrance into the kingdom of heaven is. It is worth more than everything you value on this earth combined. Be willing to give up anything that hinders you from following Jesus with all your heart.

Verses 45-46

Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of fine pearls. When he found one very precious pearl, he went away and sold all he had and bought it.

Commentary

This is another illustration of the same previous point. Entrance into the kingdom of heaven is worth more than everything you possess in this life.

Verses 47-51

Once again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was cast into the sea and caught all kinds of fish. When it was full, the men pulled it ashore. Then they sat down and sorted the good fish into containers, but threw the bad away.

So will it be at the end of the age: The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous and throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Have you understood all these things?” “Yes,” they answered.

Commentary

It’s been said that when something is repeated in the Bible, it is because God is placing emphasis on its importance. Jesus is making the same point here that He made in the parable of the weeds. This is the same end-times prophecy. At the end of the age, the saved and the un-saved will be separated, and the un-saved will be tossed into the lake of fire.

Verse 52

Then He told them, “For this reason, every scribe who has been discipled in the kingdom of heaven is like a homeowner who brings out of his storeroom new treasures as well as old.”

Commentary

There have been many different interpretations regarding the meaning of verse 52. Let’s examine it closely. The first thing I notice is the phrase “For this reason.” This is referring to whatever was previously spoken; however, I don’t believe Jesus is referring to the separation of the saved from the un-saved at the end of the age. Instead, I believe He is referring to His parables of hidden treasure. Remember, the first man found treasure hidden in a field. The second man found a pearl of great value.

Now Jesus says, “For this reason, every scribe who has been discipled in the kingdom of heaven is like a homeowner who brings out of his storeroom new treasures as well as old.”

A scribe is a person who studied the Law of Moses and made handwritten copies of it. I believe what is being said here is that the Word of God is the treasure and that it keeps on giving. The parable may be about people who are diligent in studying God’s Word. Furthermore, Jesus mentions both new treasures and old.

It has been my experience, and the experience of nearly all devoted Christians, that you can read a passage from the Bible numerous times, yet on another occasion suddenly see something you never noticed before. Thus, the Bible is like a storeroom filled with treasures. The person who studies the Bible diligently (like a scribe) will continue to cherish the spiritual truths they’ve already learned (i.e. old treasures), but out of this same storeroom they will also find new spiritual truths (i.e. new treasures) they hadn’t noticed before.

Be diligent about studying your Bible. Explore different methods of Bible study and various translations. Purchase an exhaustive concordance so you can look up the intended meaning of the original languages. Participate in group Bible studies. In other words, be excited about getting to know God, and treat your Bible knowledge as something you long to grow in and excel at.

Verses 53-58

When Jesus had finished these parables, He withdrew from that place. Coming to His hometown, He taught the people in their synagogue, and they were astonished. “Where did this man get such wisdom and miraculous powers?” they asked. “Isn’t this the carpenter’s son? Isn’t His mother’s name Mary, and aren’t His brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas? Aren’t all His sisters with us as well? Where then did this man get all these things?” And they took offense at Him.

But Jesus said to them, “Only in his hometown and in his own household is a prophet without honor.” And He did not do many miracles there, because of their unbelief.

Commentary

There is a phrase, “familiarity breeds contempt,” which means that when a person has extensive familiarity with an individual, they may tend to have less respect for that person.

Sometimes when my wife asks our daughter to do something, she acts like it’s a great burden. But when we take this same daughter to dance class, the teacher can issue a dozen instructions over the course of an hour, and our daughter will do every single thing she’s told; no fuss, no complaining, just action. Why? Because her mother is without honor in her own household.

Jesus said, “Only in his hometown and in his own household is a prophet without honor.”

This is why I think it’s important for children to have, in addition to their parents, a wise spiritual mentor who is not their mom, dad, or immediate family member. This could be a Sunday school teacher, a youth group leader, or a pastor. Children in their teens may tend not to listen to their parents’ advice. Meanwhile, someone who is not of their own household can give exactly the same advice the parents were giving, but all of a sudden, the teenager acts like she’s hearing great wisdom for the first time.

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verses 1-6

At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry and began to pick the heads of grain and eat them. When the Pharisees saw this, they said to Him, “Look, Your disciples are doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath.”

Jesus replied, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? He entered the house of God, and he and his companions ate the consecrated bread, which was not lawful for them to eat, but only for the priests.

Or haven’t you read in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple break the Sabbath and yet are innocent? But I tell you that One greater than the temple is here.

Commentary

On the Sabbath day, Jesus’s disciples were passing through a grainfield and began to pick and eat some of the grain. The Pharisees seized the moment to accuse His disciples of breaking the Law. But notice what Jesus says; “have you not read…”. Jesus does with the Pharisees the same thing He did with Satan in Matthew chapter four. He uses the word of God to rebuttal and rebuke his adversaries.

I would like to ask you, the reader: “How well do you know the Word of God?” As a follower of Jesus Christ, you should cultivate a hunger for His Word. Don’t be content with merely a “verse of the day.” With over 31,000 verses in the Bible, reading only one verse per day would take more than 85 years to read through the Bible once. True devotion comes from immersing yourself in Scripture, letting God’s Word shape your mind and heart. Approach the Bible with intention and a sincere desire to know God more fully.

For those who have never read the Bible before but want to read it all the way through, my advice is that you start with the New Testament and then go back to read the Old Testament. The book of Numbers, the fourth book of the Old Testament, is largely census data and architectural measurements. Many first-time readers of the Bible who attempt to start at the beginning with the Old Testament never get past the book of Numbers before giving up.

Once you’ve read the Bible a few times, the Holy Spirit can then, at the exact moment you need it, remind you of the verse that speaks to your situation. Then, like Jesus, you can use the Word of God to rebuke Satan’s schemes (see John 14:26).

So the question was, “Why was it acceptable for the disciples to pick and eat grain on the Sabbath?” By reminding the Pharisees of what David and his companions had done, Jesus was showing them that their interpretation of the Sabbath law was wrong.

In much the same way, a naysayer today may point to Christians eating pork and accuse them of hypocrisy. However, we can respond by saying, “Have you not read what Jesus said in Mark chapter 7 about eating with unwashed hands? Jesus declared all foods clean.”

Verse 7

If only you had known the meaning of ‘I desire mercy, not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the innocent.

Commentary

Jesus reminds the Pharisees of what is written in Hosea 6:6: “I desire mercy, not sacrifice.” If the Pharisees had understood this, they would have shown mercy to the disciples, recognizing that they were not farmers harvesting a field on the Sabbath, but hungry travelers simply passing through a grainfield and picking something to eat. Did the Pharisees themselves put food to their own mouths on the Sabbath? Yes, they did. In condemning the disciples for doing no different than they themselves did, the Pharisees exposed their own hypocrisy.

Verse 8

For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

Commentary

Jesus is declaring to the Pharisees that He is the Messiah. The title “Son of Man,” drawn from the book of Daniel, is Jesus’s veiled way of identifying Himself as divine.

Daniel writes,

In my vision in the night I continued to watch, and I saw One like the Son of Man coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into His presence. And He was given dominion, glory, and kingship, that the people of every nation and language should serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and His kingdom is one that will never be destroyed. (Daniel 7:13-14)

Every time Jesus refers to Himself as “the Son of Man,” He is alluding to these passages in the book of Daniel.

Verses 9-14

Moving on from there, Jesus entered their synagogue, and a man with a withered hand was there. In order to accuse Jesus, they asked Him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?”

He replied, “If one of you has a sheep and it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will he not take hold of it and lift it out? How much more valuable is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.”

Then Jesus said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” So he stretched it out, and it was restored to full use, just like the other. But the Pharisees went out and plotted how they might kill Jesus.

Commentary

I have always been truly baffled by the attitudes of the Pharisees. They witnessed Jesus perform miracles that only the Messiah, sent from God, could do; genuinely helping people in their times of greatest need; yet their greatest desire was to accuse Him of wrongdoing.

On this occasion, they notice a man among them with a withered hand. Seizing the opportunity, they ask Jesus whether it is lawful to heal on the Sabbath, speaking flippantly, as if such healing powers were commonplace. Jesus points out that if one of them had a sheep fall into a pit on the Sabbath, they would readily lift it out. He concludes, “Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.”

But notice that He did not address only the legality of healing on the Sabbath. That was their specific question, yet Jesus broadened His answer by saying, “It is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.” His response can include any action that helps a person on the Sabbath.

For example, they had already accused Jesus’s disciples of wrongdoing for picking grain to eat on the Sabbath. But imagine encountering a hungry family on the Sabbath with no food to eat. You have the means to provide a meal, but doing so would require traveling to the grocery store, purchasing food and supplies, preparing the meal, and delivering it to the family; all on the Sabbath day. Because feeding the hungry is an act of mercy, Jesus would say that you did the right thing. The Pharisees, however, would have objected, preferring strict Sabbath observance over compassion. In doing so, they revealed hearts more concerned with rules than with people. This is exactly what Jesus meant when He said, “I desire mercy, not sacrifice.”

Jesus then healed the man with the withered hand, but the Pharisees went out and plotted how they might kill Him. Isn’t that perplexing? Why would anyone conspire to kill a man for doing good? What if the man with the withered hand had been a Pharisee’s own son; would that Pharisee still have hated Jesus? Their attitude and behavior toward Him is baffling, and it’s still the same today. Jesus Christ seeks to save lives and rescue people from death, and still so many people today hate Him for it.

This is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but people loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil. (John 3:19)

Verses 15-21

Aware of this, Jesus withdrew from that place. Large crowds followed Him, and He healed them all, warning them not to make Him known. This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet Isaiah:

“Here is My Servant, whom I have chosen, My beloved, in whom My soul delights. I will put My Spirit on Him, and He will proclaim justice to the nations. He will not quarrel or cry out; no one will hear His voice in the streets. A bruised reed He will not break, and a smoldering wick He will not extinguish, till He leads justice to victory. In His name the nations will put their hope.”

Commentary

Recall that I discussed this in my commentary when John the Baptist was arrested (Matthew 4:12-16). Jesus knows that in order to complete His mission and ministry, He must avoid being arrested or killed before everything is accomplished. Therefore, whenever someone seeks to arrest or kill Him, He withdraws to another place.

He continues healing people and warns those following Him not to make Him known. I suspect this is so His timeline would not be accelerated. Verse 14 states that the Pharisees were plotting to kill Him; therefore, we can conclude that by warning people not to make Him known, Jesus is intentionally managing the timeline of events which He knows are unfolding toward His own crucifixion.

Verses 22-28

Then a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute was brought to Jesus, and He healed the man so that he could speak and see. The crowds were astounded and asked, “Could this be the Son of David?”

But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “Only by Beelzebul, the prince of demons, does this man drive out demons.”

Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself will be laid waste, and every city or household divided against itself will not stand. If Satan drives out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then can his kingdom stand? And if I drive out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons drive them out? So then, they will be your judges. But if I drive out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.

Commentary

A demon-possessed man who was both blind and mute was brought to Jesus. I assume that the cause of his blindness and muteness was his demon possession. Jesus healed him, to the astonishment of those around Him, and the people began to rightly wonder whether Jesus was the Messiah.

But once again, here come the Pharisees (pearls before pigs). No matter what evidence is presented to them, they will not accept it. This time, their excuse is to accuse Jesus of casting out demons by the power of Satan. In other words, they want so badly for Him not to be the prophesied Messiah that they will grasp at any straw with which to accuse Him.

Jesus points out how ridiculous their accusation is: “Every kingdom divided against itself will be laid waste.” He explains that the only other alternative is that He is driving out demons by the Spirit of God, which means that the Kingdom of God has come upon them. In doing so, the Pharisees repeatedly demonstrate their rejection of God.

Verse 29-30

Or again, how can anyone enter a strong man’s house and steal his possessions, unless he first ties up the strong man? Then he can plunder his house. He who is not with Me is against Me, and he who does not gather with Me scatters.

Commentary

Jesus continues His rebuttal of the Pharisees’ accusation that He is casting out demons by the power of Satan by explaining that He has bound the strong man; Satan. This is not literal, as Satan will not be fully bound until the yet-to-come Millennial reign. Rather, recall when Jesus was tempted by Satan in the wilderness and overcame him. Jesus said, “Away from Me, Satan! For it is written: ‘Worship the Lord your God and serve Him only.’” After this, the devil left Him (Matthew 4). That event is the key to understanding this verse:

“How can anyone enter a strong man’s house and steal his possessions, unless he first ties up the strong man? Then he can plunder his house.”

By commanding Satan to depart, Satan lost that battle and no longer had power over Jesus. Satan cannot remain where Jesus is actively ministering (with the exception of the moment when Satan entered Judas). Thus, Jesus is telling the Pharisees that not only does He not cast out demons by the power of Satan, but that He has driven Satan out of their geographic area in order to minister fully and unhindered.

Jesus then rebukes the Pharisees by declaring that they are against Him, and that instead of gathering the spiritual harvest, they are scattering. The work they are doing is contrary to Jesus’s mission.

Verses 31-32

Therefore I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven. Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the one to come.

Commentary

Jesus continues His rebuke of the Pharisees with a warning that whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven. I want to pause here and spend a little more time on this verse because of its infamy.

“Every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men.” Praise God! This is the good news! All of your sins can be forgiven through faith in Jesus Christ. It is He who makes you righteous before God, and it is He who enables you to enter the Kingdom of Heaven!

“but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven.” “Whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the one to come.”

Any person who goes to their grave without the Holy Spirit will never be forgiven. Today, if you ask most people how to get into heaven, they will say that you have to be a good person. Consider the implication of that belief: those who think they can earn their way into heaven by being good are essentially claiming they can enter without God; without the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross. They are attempting to bypass the Holy Spirit entirely. In other words, trying to get into heaven by being good means that salvation would be entirely of their own doing.

That is pride; the highest form of blasphemy. Pride is what got Satan cast out of heaven. How then, can anyone think they will enter heaven by their own pride? They say, “I am a good person; I have lived so well that I will be ushered into heaven by my own excellence.” Pride, pride, pride, pride.

“I will ascend to the heavens; I will raise my throne above the stars of God. I will sit on the mount of assembly, in the far reaches of the north. I will ascend above the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High.” ~ a quote from Lucifer (Isaiah 14:13-14)

If you die without the Holy Spirit, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven and your sins will never be forgiven. Period. End of statement.

Jesus said, “Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only he who does the will of My Father in heaven. Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name drive out demons and perform many miracles?’ Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you workers of lawlessness!’ (Matthew 7:15-20)

So we see that even among those who call themselves Christians and do good works, there will be many who do not enter the kingdom of heaven. When Jesus says, “I never knew you,” He does not mean that He was unaware of them. Rather, He means that they were never in a true relationship with Him and were never filled with the Holy Spirit. They believed they could enter heaven simply by being good people. In doing so, they attempted to bypass the Holy Spirit; and this is the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit.

When Jesus said “but only he who does the will of My Father in heaven”, what is the Father’s will? It is that we put our faith in Jesus Christ.

In summary, the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, from which there is no forgiveness, is going to your grave without ever having been filled with the Holy Spirit.

But how do you receive the Holy Spirit?

Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and the door will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives; he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks, the door will be opened. (Matthew 7:7-8)

Verses 33

Make a tree good and its fruit will be good, or make a tree bad and its fruit will be bad, for a tree is known by its fruit.

Commentary

Jesus is condemning the Pharisees as bad trees that bear bad fruit. Again, this is how we are to recognize false teachers: “By their fruit you will recognize them” (Matthew 7:16a). Any priest, pastor, or preacher who claims that Jesus was wrong, or that the Bible is wrong, outdated, or mistranslated, is a false teacher. Anyone who has a low opinion of scripture is a false teacher.

Verse 34-37

You brood of vipers, how can you who are evil say anything good? For out of the overflow of the heart the mouth speaks. The good man brings good things out of his good store of treasure, and the evil man brings evil things out of his evil store of treasure. But I tell you that men will give an account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken. For by your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned.”

Commentary

Remember when John the Baptist called the Pharisees and Sadducees a brood of vipers (Matthew 3:7)? Jesus is deliberately echoing John’s words. He goes on to say that what comes out of the Pharisees’ mouths reveals what is in their hearts; and that it is evil.

“The good man brings good things out of his good store of treasure, and the evil man brings evil things out of his evil store of treasure.”

This makes perfect sense. If you went to a farmer’s market and a vendor had rotten eggs, what would he bring out to sell you except rotten eggs?

People will give an account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken. Those who, with their words, rejected Jesus Christ will be condemned. Meanwhile, those who declare, “Jesus is Lord,” will be acquitted and saved.

Verse 38

Then some of the scribes and Pharisees said to Him, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from You.”

Commentary

These ignoramuses have been watching Jesus heal the sick, restore a man’s withered hand, give sight to the blind, make the mute speak and the lame walk, and now they claim to want to see a sign from him?

What they are doing is the equivalent of today’s skeptics saying, “Prove to me that there is a God!” In this case, they are saying, “Prove to us that You are the Messiah.” But what does God want from us? As I wrote only a few paragraphs ago, the will of the Father in heaven is that we put our faith in Jesus Christ.

Do we worship God by proof? No; because then it would not be faith. Anyone who says, “Prove to me that there is a God,” has already missed the point, because God will never force someone to worship Him by proof. That will never happen. However, to the person who seeks God through faith, Jesus will make Himself known. But the person who demands proof, has already lost because they have no faith.

The words “Prove it” are a declaration of their own rejection of Jesus Christ. The person who says, “Prove it,” is, by their own words, stating that they do not believe. And what did Christ just say? “By your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned.”

Verses 39-40

Jesus replied, “A wicked and adulterous generation demands a sign, but none will be given it except the sign of the prophet Jonah. For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.

Commentary

In response to their demand for a sign, Jesus says that the only sign they’ll be given is that He will be placed in the grave for three days and then rise to life again. Yet even this they won’t accept.

Verses 41-42

The men of Nineveh will stand at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and now One greater than Jonah is here. The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and now One greater than Solomon is here.

Commentary

The people of Nineveh repented when Jonah spoke to them, yet Jesus’s generation did not repent; even though He is greater than Jonah. Likewise, the queen of the South traveled 2,500 miles from what is now Ethiopia to hear the wisdom of Solomon, but these Pharisees would not even walk the five and a half miles from Jerusalem to Bethlehem to see the Messiah when He was born.

On the day of judgment, the people of Nineveh and the queen of the South will rise up and testify against the Pharisees of Jesus’s generation and will condemn them.

Verses 43-45

When an unclean spirit comes out of a man, it passes through arid places seeking rest and does not find it. Then it says, ‘I will return to the house I left.’ On its return, it finds the house vacant, swept clean, and put in order. Then it goes and brings with it seven other spirits more wicked than itself, and they go in and dwell there. And the final plight of that man is worse than the first. So will it be with this wicked generation.”

Commentary

These are frightening verses. I want to begin our focus with the final sentence: “So will it be with this wicked generation.” Jesus is saying that, in some cases, the people from whom He cast out demons would eventually become re-possessed, making their final condition worse than their former one.

We know that the men possessed by Legion sought to follow Jesus, but He sent them back to their hometown with instructions to tell others what God had done for them. They obeyed, and in doing so, they lived lives marked by faith.

Most of the Jewish people who crowded around Jesus, however, did not place their faith in Him; they simply wanted something from Him. After Jesus ascended into heaven, how many of those from whom He cast out demons became re-possessed?

Notice that the key to the verses we are now examining is that when the demon returns, it finds the house vacant. Once again, light and darkness cannot exist in the same place at the same time. When I walk into a room early in the morning and flip on the light switch, the darkness instantly flees, and I have to squint because the light is so bright.

In the same way, if we put our faith in Jesus Christ and, through that faith, are filled with the light of the Holy Spirit, we can never be possessed by demonic forces. Ask the Lord for the Holy Spirit.

Verses 46-50

While Jesus was still speaking to the crowds, His mother and brothers stood outside, wanting to speak to Him. Someone told Him, “Look, Your mother and brothers are standing outside, wanting to speak to You.”

But Jesus replied, “Who is My mother, and who are My brothers?” Pointing to His disciples, He said, “Here are My mother and My brothers. For whoever does the will of My Father in heaven is My brother and sister and mother.”

Commentary

The first thing I notice here is that these verses indicate that the Catholic tradition of Mary remaining a virgin throughout her entire life is not correct. Jesus’s mother and brothers were standing outside, wanting to speak with Him. Jesus had siblings; He was not an only child.

Jesus did not immediately go out to meet them. In fact, it appears that He may not have gone out at all. Is this an example of Jesus dishonoring His mother? No. Jesus is God, and He does not sin. I suspect that His family may have come to discourage Him from continuing the work He was doing. They had likely heard that the Pharisees were planning to arrest Him, or even to kill Him, and perhaps they came to say, “It’s time to come home and go back to making furniture.”

But Jesus did not go out to meet them. Instead, He continued in His ministry. He said to those around Him, “Who is My mother, and who are My brothers?” Then, pointing to His disciples, He said, “Here are My mother and My brothers. For whoever does the will of My Father in heaven is My brother and sister and mother.” This statement strongly indicates that we are meant to have a relationship with Jesus Christ. Jesus is calling us His family. Elsewhere, Jesus says,

You are My friends if you do what I command you. No longer do I call you servants, for a servant does not understand what his master is doing. But I have called you friends, because everything I have learned from My Father I have made known to you. (John 15:14-15)

Those who put their faith in Jesus Christ become the friends and family of God.

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verse 1

After Jesus had finished instructing His twelve disciples, He went on from there to teach and preach in their cities.

Commentary

Jesus was teaching and preaching in various cities, primarily throughout Israel.

Verses 2-6

Meanwhile John heard in prison about the works of Christ, and he sent his disciples to ask Him, “Are You the One who was to come, or should we look for someone else?”

Jesus replied, “Go back and report to John what you hear and see: The blind receive sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the good news is preached to the poor. Blessed is the one who does not fall away on account of Me.

Commentary

It seems that from his prison cell, John the Baptist began having some doubts. I can imagine that in his miserable state behind bars, he started questioning both himself and his God. So John sent some friends outside the prison walls to speak with Jesus, asking, ‘Are You the One who was to come, or should we expect someone else?’

The way Jesus responds to John’s question is very interesting. He doesn’t simply confirm that he’s the one. Instead, Jesus instructs John’s friends to return and tell John about the miracles he is performing. This serves to reassure John that Jesus is indeed the one who was to come, the Messiah.

Notice, however, that the Pharisees, who have likely studied the Scriptures even more than John, have also witnessed the miracles Jesus has performed, and yet they refuse to believe.

Recall from a previous chapter when Jesus said that whoever denies him before men, he will also deny before his Father in heaven. The Pharisees are an example of those who deny Jesus before men. They know the scriptures and very likely are aware that Jesus aligns with everything the scriptures say about the Messiah, yet they still denounce him.

Verses 7-15

As John’s disciples were leaving, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed swaying in the wind? Otherwise, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine clothes? Look, those who wear fine clothing are found in kings’ palaces. What then did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more than a prophet. This is the one about whom it is written:

‘Behold, I will send My messenger ahead of You, who will prepare Your way before You.’

Truly I tell you, among those born of women there has risen no one greater than John the Baptist. Yet even the least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he. From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven has been subject to violence, and the violent lay claim to it. For all the Prophets and the Law prophesied until John. And if you are willing to accept it, he is the Elijah who was to come. He who has ears, let him hear.

Commentary

Jesus describes John the Baptist as more than a prophet and declares that no one is greater than John. However, John’s greatness does not stem from personal holiness or spiritual superiority, but from the unique role he was appointed to fulfill.

All the other prophets spoke of a Messiah who would come in the future. John, however, proclaimed, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world!” John’s purpose was to prepare the way for Jesus. While the prophets before him looked forward to the coming Messiah but never being given the opportunity to see him, John was granted the unique privilege not only of seeing the Messiah but also of baptizing Him.

John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! This is He of whom I said, ‘A man who comes after me has surpassed me because He was before me.’ I myself did not know Him, but the reason I came baptizing with water was that He might be revealed to Israel.” (John 1:29-31)

Jesus continues, “Yet even the least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.” John is the greatest prophet because he was the one appointed to announce Jesus’s arrival. But consider those who are already in heaven, who are able to behold with their own eyes the Almighty God seated on His throne.

Verse twelve states, “From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven has been subject to violence, and the violent lay claim to it. For all the Prophets and the Law prophesied until John. And if you are willing to accept it, he is the Elijah who was to come.”

Huh? What does Jesus mean when He says that the kingdom of heaven has been subject to violence?

First, let’s examine this passage phrase by phrase. The statement, “From the days of John the Baptist until now,” refers to the entire span of Jesus’s earthly ministry up to that point.

Likewise, “For all the Prophets and the Law prophesied until John” means that the Law of Moses and every prophet who came before John merely foretold the coming of the Messiah. Now, however, the Messiah Himself is standing before the crowd and speaking to them.

Just as Andrew declared to his brother Peter “We have found the Messiah” (John 1:41b)

Therefore, whatever is meant by the word “violence”, it must relate to Jesus’s earthly ministry.

We know that large numbers of people were coming from every town in Israel in search of Jesus. The crowds were big. People pressed in around Him, climbed trees just to catch a glimpse as He passed by, cried out to Him, pleaded with Him, and even pushed through the crowd simply to touch the hem of His garment.

I believe this is the sense in which Jesus uses the word “violence.” It refers to the forceful determination with which people were striving to draw near to Him.

Then Jesus refers to John the Baptist as being the Elijah who was to come.

In John 1:21, John the Baptist denies being Elijah when questioned by the Jewish priests and Levites. John is not a reincarnated Elijah, as there is no such thing as reincarnation. Therefore, John is speaking accurately and truthfully when he says that he is not Elijah. However, Luke chapter 1 states,

And he will go on before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous—to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.” (Luke 1:17)

When Jesus says, “He who has ears, let him hear,” it signals that He is speaking something requiring discernment. John the Baptist is not literally Elijah, but figuratively, he comes in the spirit and power of Elijah.

Verses 16-19

To what can I compare this generation? They are like children sitting in the marketplaces and calling out to others:

‘We played the flute for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge, and you did not mourn.’

For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon!’ The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, ‘Look at this glutton and drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ But wisdom is vindicated by her actions.”

Commentary

The Jewish leaders of Jesus’s time were inconsistent and hypocritical in their judgments. When John the Baptist came, fasting and abstaining from wine, they accused him of being demon-possessed. When Jesus came, eating and drinking with others, they called Him a glutton and a drunkard. This demonstrates that nothing would ever satisfy them; regardless of what anyone did, the Jewish leaders were determined to find fault and make accusations.

Verses 20-24

Then Jesus began to denounce the cities in which most of His miracles had been performed, because they did not repent. “Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. But I tell you, it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you.

And you, Capernaum, will you be lifted up to heaven? No, you will be brought down to Hades! For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Sodom, it would have remained to this day. But I tell you that it will be more bearable for Sodom on the day of judgment than for you.”

Commentary

First of all, cities themselves do not go to hell; people do. So when Jesus says, “It will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you,” He is referring to the people of Tyre and Sidon, not the buildings or the land.

Jesus is saying that if the people of Tyre, Sidon, and even Sodom had witnessed the miracles He performed, they would have repented. Yet the inhabitants of Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum did not.

It is also noteworthy that, according to this passage, there appear to be varying degrees of judgment. Jesus states that it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for the cities He is addressing.

So what does this mean? The Biblical timeline is as follows: upon death, the unsaved go to hell until the day of judgment. At that time, they will be resurrected from hell to stand before God and give an account for what they did during their lives. The unsaved will then be judged and ultimately cast into the lake of fire, along with Satan and his demons.

I have heard, and am willing to accept, that there may be different levels of hell, with varying degrees of severity. However, I do not believe the same is true of the lake of fire. I am inclined to assume that the lake of fire represents a uniform punishment for Satan, his demons, and all who have rejected Jesus Christ as their Savior.

Therefore, what is described as more or less bearable on the day of judgment must refer to the act of being judged by God; not the punishment itself, but the experience of standing before the Almighty to give an account and receive His reprimand. It might be similar to the difference between going to your earthly dad and telling him you spilled some milk versus confessing that you burned down the house after being warned not to play with matches.

Verses 25-26

At that time Jesus declared, “I praise You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because You have hidden these things from the wise and learned, and revealed them to little children. Yes, Father, for this was well-pleasing in Your sight.

Commentary

Immediately after condemning these cities, Jesus praises the Father for having hidden these truths from the wise and learned. Pride is the antithesis of worshiping God; it is what caused Satan to be cast out of heaven. Simply put, pride declares, “I can handle this myself; I don’t need God.”

The wise, well-educated, and the wealthy face obstacles that hinder them from fully relying on God. In this way, those who choose to turn from God and depend on themselves are, in a sense, assisted in their rebellion, for God allows them to remain unaware of simple spiritual truths.

To offer an earthly comparison, I once worked for a company with a high level of security. To get from the parking lot to the building, every person had to pass through one of several turnstiles, each designed for only one person at a time. Each turnstile required a badge swipe to operate. One day, I forgot my badge, and the turnstile would not turn for me. No matter my wisdom, knowledge, or financial resources, the turnstile would not let me through without my badge. To make matters worse, I had carpooled with a coworker who had already passed through the turnstile and was unaware of my predicament. I then had to walk along the outside of the fence for approximately half a mile to reach the administration building where I obtained a temporary badge.

In this example, the badge represents humility and a genuine desire to seek God. Those who are wise, well-educated, or wealthy may be tempted to try to get to heaven without humility. In response, God places a turnstile between Himself and such individuals. The turnstile symbolizes God withholding simple spiritual truths from them; truths they are then unable to grasp on their own.

If you are reading this commentary and consider yourself well-educated or wealthy, what should you do? I once took a PhD-level scientist fishing and was surprised to discover that he did not know how to tie a knot. He was unable to attach his fishing hook to his line, so I had to teach him how to do it.

If you have a high level of education, be humble enough to recognize that your expertise is generally confined to the specific area of your degree. In all other matters, you are as ordinary as someone who never attended college. For example, holding a PhD in thermodynamics does not mean you know how to tie fishing knots or which knot is appropriate for the type of fishing you are doing and the tackle you’re using.

When you read the Bible, do not approach it as if it were a college textbook, assuming you can understand it through your intellect alone. Instead, be willing to acknowledge that without the Spirit, you cannot grasp what is spiritually discerned. Get rid of your pride.

And what do little children have to do with it? Little children depend on their parents for everything. That same dependent attitude is what we should have toward God.

Verse 27

All things have been entrusted to Me by My Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal Him.

Commentary

All things have been entrusted to Jesus. This is a broad statement for a reason. When Jesus says “all things,” He literally means everything. In Matthew 28:18, He declares, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me.” Jesus is the King of kings, and whatever He commands, and by extension, whatever the Bible teaches, represents the ultimate authority.

Therefore, when someone claims that the Bible is obsolete or no longer relevant to modern society, they are in error. Regardless of its age, the Bible embodies the authority of Jesus Christ.

Jesus continues, “No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal Him.” Here, He makes clear that He is the only path to salvation. Without Jesus, there is no hope of reaching the Father; none at all.

Verses 28-30

Come to Me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.”

Commentary

This verse has always perplexed me. Jesus repeatedly warns that those who follow Him will face persecution, perhaps even death. And yet now He says that His burden is light. How can being persecuted or even martyred be considered a light burden?

However, let’s consider the statement from a different perspective. Just moments earlier, Jesus declared that He is the only path to salvation. Throughout the New Testament, we see that salvation by faith brings freedom from the Law. In this sense, the burden is light; not because following Christ eliminates trials or persecution, but because there is no requirement to earn salvation through hard work. Salvation is instead by God’s grace through faith; a very light burden.

Gary Eugene Howell uses the Berean Standard Bible. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. The Text of the Berean Standard Bible was dedicated to the public domain as of April 30, 2023.

Verse 1

And calling His twelve disciples to Him, Jesus gave them authority over unclean spirits, so that they could drive them out and heal every disease and sickness.

Commentary

Whenever a sentence in the Bible begins with And, Therefore, But, Or, Thus, etc….it is a continuation of what was being said previously. I had a pastor who would often say “Whenever you see the word Therefore, ask yourself, what is it there for?”

Jesus, having just finished stating at the end of chapter nine that more workers were needed, then gives authority to his twelve disciples. He gave them authority over unclean spirits, enabling them to drive them out and to heal every disease and sickness.

The author of this commentary holds the opinion that Jesus giving the disciples authority over demons and illnesses was a special circumstance for that particular moment. Today, if you or I cast out a demon, it is not we who do the casting, nor is it by our own authority; rather, it is by the power of the Holy Spirit. Likewise, if we lay hands on someone and pray for healing, and that person is healed, it is not by our authority that the healing occurs, but by the power of the Holy Spirit.

After the resurrection Jesus appeared to his disciples and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me. (Matthew 28:18)

Do not lend yourself to pride by believing that you possess the authority to heal the sick and cast out demons. Remember what Jesus says in Matthew chapter seven: “Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name drive out demons and perform many miracles?’ Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you.’”

I have no doubt that demons may, at times, be willing to leave voluntarily in order to allow a person to delude themselves into believing they have been given special powers and spiritual authority. Do not become prideful.

likewise, also recall what it says in Acts chapter nineteen,

Now there were some itinerant Jewish exorcists who tried to invoke the name of the Lord Jesus over those with evil spirits. They would say, “I command you by Jesus, whom Paul proclaims.” Seven sons of Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, were doing this. But one day the evil spirit responded, “Jesus I know, and I know about Paul, but who are you?” Then the man with the evil spirit jumped on them and overpowered them all. The attack was so violent that they ran out of the house naked and wounded. This became known to all the Jews and Greeks living in Ephesus, and fear came over all of them. So the name of the Lord Jesus was held in high honor. (Acts 19:13-17)

I once attended a small-group Bible study at a pastor’s home. We were discussing the topic of miracles being performed by people. The pastor pointed out the window toward the swimming pool on his back patio (in Florida, almost everyone has a pool in their backyard) and said, “I could have all the faith in the world to walk on water across the surface of that pool, but I would never be able to do it unless God first told me to do it.

Thus, it is not we who perform miracles, as though we are someone special; it is God who performs miracles through us. God gets the glory, not us. We do nothing more than follow the prompting of the Holy Spirit in obedience.

Do not believe the pastor who claims that he possesses miracle-working powers. Miracles are real, and they do occur, but God is the one who makes them happen. He sends us only to deliver the miracle.

Verses 2-4

These are the names of the twelve apostles: first Simon, called Peter, and his brother Andrew; James son of Zebedee, and his brother John; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus.

Commentary

The names of the twelve disciples are listed, and notably, Judas is among them. He too was given authority to cast out demons and heal the sick. Judas was given every opportunity to put his faith in Jesus Christ; yet, even after being an eyewitness to all of Jesus’s miracles, and after being granted authority to perform such miracles himself, he remained unwilling to put his faith in Jesus.

The author of this commentary firmly believes that on Judgement Day, some of us will be shocked to see who doesn’t get into heaven. There will be some pastors, elders, deacons, Christian music artists, Christian book authors, and people of all types whom we once regarded as outstanding examples of Christianity, yet who never truly placed their faith in Jesus Christ.

Likewise, there will also be some of the most vile human beings you and I have ever heard of who will be ushered into the kingdom of God, followed by the words, “Well done.” The reason is that, at some point before the end of their earthly lives, they placed their faith in Jesus Christ. In some cases, it may have occurred even in their final minutes as they lay dying.

Salvation is not earned by good behavior, nor is damnation determined by bad behavior. Salvation comes through faith, and damnation results from a failure to put one’s faith in Christ.

What is faith? It is not only believing in the existence of God and Jesus Christ, but of greater importance is the act of trusting that what God has said is true.

Verses 5-15

These twelve Jesus sent out with the following instructions: “Do not go onto the road of the Gentiles or enter any town of the Samaritans. Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel. As you go, preach this message: ‘The kingdom of heaven is near.’ Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse the lepers, drive out demons. Freely you have received; freely give.

Do not take along any gold or silver or copper in your belts. Take no bag for the road, or second tunic, or sandals, or staff; for the worker is worthy of his provisions. Whatever town or village you enter, find out who is worthy there and stay at his housed until you move on. As you enter the home, greet its occupants. If the home is worthy, let your peace rest on it, but if it is not, let your peace return to you.

And if anyone will not welcome you or heed your words, shake the dust off your feet when you leave that home or town. Truly I tell you, it will be more bearable for Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town.

Commentary

I recall that at a previous church, before anyone was allowed to go on a mission trip, each person on the team was required to take a class called Missions 101. The class provided instructions on how to share the gospel and how to conduct oneself while on the mission trip.

When reading verses five through fifteen, I feel as though Jesus is teaching Missions 101.

As part of the Missions 101 class, students were instructed to go out into the community near the church and share the gospel with people. Many Christians have never shared their faith with anyone, so rather than traveling to a foreign country and only then trying to learn how to share the gospel, our church wanted us to gain that experience in our own hometown first. That way, when we arrived at our foreign destination, we already knew what we were doing. We were not attempting something new for the first time thousands of miles from home.

Much like Missions 101, Jesus, in these verses, is instructing His disciples to go out and share the good news only within Israel. In other words, He is sending them out locally first, so that they may learn in their own hometowns what to do before He later sends them out to make disciples of all nations.

Verse 16

Behold, I am sending you out like sheep among wolves; therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves.

Commentary

This verse has stayed with me throughout my entire adult life. When I was in my mid-twenties, my spiritual mentor told me, “Be as shrewd as a snake but as innocent as a dove.” Those without the Holy Spirit can be manipulators, liars, tricksters, and hucksters; wolves who are able to present themselves as the most innocent, kind, and sincere people, like a wolf in sheep’s clothing.

Being as shrewd as a snake means being street-smart; aware of the schemes of men and able to recognize when someone is attempting to deceive you. Meanwhile, being as innocent as a dove means that although you are street-smart, you do not engage in those same deceptive practices yourself.

Off the top of my head, I can immediately think of two scenarios in which a Christian today needs these two qualities. The first involves deciding who will be your spiritual leader (i.e. your pastor). Many churches today have been corrupted by pastors who embrace the culture at the expense of the gospel. When you become a member of a church, you are, in effect, making that pastor your spiritual leader, so you must be as shrewd as a snake.

My parents taught me not to take candy from strangers. In the same way, do not take spiritual guidance from strangers; myself included. Please verify in the Bible that what I say is true. Before committing yourself to a church, be sure that the pastor is faithfully preaching the truth of God’s Word.

The second scenario is a warning to single people in the church who are looking for a spouse. For single women, be aware that some men attend church because they believe Christian women are naïve and easily taken advantage of. These men are often easy to identify because they boast about their own righteousness, believing that such bragging will impress Christian women.

For single men, be aware that some women have spent their twenties and early thirties living wildly and promiscuously. As age begins to show and attention from worldly men vanishes, she may believe she can simply walk into a church, find a good Christian man to marry, and rely on him to provide for her. She isn’t seeking Jesus; she’s seeking financial security.

Know this: A quality man or woman will display spiritual wisdom. Be as shrewd as a snake. When discussing matters of faith, look for someone who knows God’s Word and can articulate spiritual understanding. Anyone who possesses little spiritual insight is likely not yet marriage material. Ask the Lord for wisdom, and He will guide you.

Verses 17-20

But beware of men, for they will hand you over to their councils and flog you in their synagogues. On My account you will be brought before governors and kings as witnesses to them and to the Gentiles. But when they hand you over, do not worry about how to respond or what to say. In that hour you will be given what to say. For it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you.

Commentary

The world hates Jesus. Throughout history; and in many places today; Christianity has been, and in some cases still is, completely illegal. I have read several books and testimonies from individuals who were imprisoned because of their faith in Jesus Christ. In such situations, what should one do? Rely on the Holy Spirit.

“When they hand you over, do not worry about what to say, for it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you.”

I have experienced; and seen it happen to others; that when the Lord speaks through you, you’re aware that you said something, yet you have no idea what it was. Those around you may be enraged by your words. They may be ready to punch you, yet you haven’t the slightest clue what it was you said. That is the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. I cannot say for certain, but I suspect that the Lord speaks to them about their personal, hidden sins; something you could not have known. The Lord calls them to repentance, but for those who refuse, it only fuels their rage.

Verses 21-22

Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; children will rise against their parents and have them put to death. You will be hated by everyone because of My name, but the one who perseveres to the end will be saved.

Commentary

When Jesus talks about a brother betraying a brother to death, or a father his child, He is highlighting that, for some, pressure from immediate family members can be especially intense. When I read this verse, I immediately think of instances in the Islamic faith where, if a Muslim converts to Christianity, their own family members might threaten or even kill them. Jesus is emphasizing that those who persevere to the end will be saved.

Let me remind the reader that salvation equals life. Recall what Jesus said to the Sadducees in Matthew 22: “But concerning the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what God said to you: ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? He is not the God of the dead, but of the living.”

Thus, a person who is killed in this mortal life for the sake of their faith in Christ does not truly die but continues to live spiritually. At the second coming of Jesus Christ, they will be reunited with their body (then glorified) and will rule and reign with Christ on this earth for 1,000 years (Revelation 20). The takeaway is that there is still a great deal of life to be lived for those who die for Christ.

Verse 23

When they persecute you in one town, flee to the next. Truly I tell you, you will not reach all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes.

Commentary

Many scholars have offered a variety of interpretations of verse 23. As for me, when I see the phrase “Son of Man comes,” I immediately associate it with the second coming of Jesus Christ. However, that interpretation makes little sense because, following the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the upper room (Acts 2), the gospel has been carried far beyond the towns of Israel.

Whenever you encounter something in the Bible that seems wrong or contradictory, you must conclude that the error lies in your own limited understanding. God knows everything. Compared to God’s intelligence, our own is like that of a goldfish compared to a person with a PhD.

Therefore, it’s perfectly okay to live your life in faith, pursuing Jesus Christ, even while not having all the answers to every nuance of God’s Word.

So what does this verse mean? I lean toward the interpretation that Jesus is not referring to His second coming at the start of the future Millennial reign, but rather to God’s wrath being poured out on Israel, particularly during the events of 70 AD. However, what I can say with absolute certainty is that the second coming of Christ did not occur in 70 AD. I have met some people who cling to that interpretation.

There is no possible way that the second coming of Christ has already occurred, or that the Millennial reign has already happened or is currently taking place. I can say this with confidence because, as a kid, my friends and I would go out into the fields to catch garter snakes and corn snakes; they would always try to bite us, and sometimes they did actually bite us.

The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the goat; the calf and young lion and fatling will be together, and a little child will lead them. The cow will graze with the bear, their young will lie down together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox. The infant will play by the cobra’s den, and the toddler will reach into the viper’s nest. They will neither harm nor destroy on all My holy mountain, for the earth will be full of the knowledge of the LORD as the sea is full of water. (Isaiah 11:6-9)

Verses 24-25

A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his master. It is enough for a disciple to be like his teacher, and a servant like his master. If the head of the house has been called Beelzebul, how much more the members of his household!

Commentary

Jesus is again emphasizing that if they persecuted Him, they will also persecute His followers.

Verses 26-31

So do not be afraid of them. For there is nothing concealed that will not be disclosed, and nothing hidden that will not be made known. What I tell you in the dark, speak in the daylight; what is whispered in your ear, proclaim from the housetops.

Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Instead, fear the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell.

Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from the will of your Father. And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. So do not be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.

Commentary

Continuing His teaching on persecution, Jesus instructs His followers not to fear those who will persecute them. He is telling the disciples not to hide the gospel, but to speak it openly and proclaim it boldly; even from the rooftops.

The phrase “there is nothing concealed that will not be disclosed, and nothing hidden that will not be made known” likely refers to the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven mentioned in Matthew 13.

Then the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why do You speak to the people in parables?” He replied, “The knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them. Whoever has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. This is why I speak to them in parables:

‘Though seeing, they do not see; though hearing, they do not hear or understand.’ In them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled:

‘You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving. For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’

But blessed are your eyes because they see, and your ears because they hear. For truly I tell you, many prophets and righteous men longed to see what you see but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it. (Matthew 13:10-17)

For all of human history, up to and including the life of Jesus Christ, many aspects of God, heaven, and salvation remained a mystery to mankind. After Christ rose from the grave and ascended into heaven, it became the responsibility of all Christians to reveal these mysteries; to make them plain and clear to everyone on earth, to disclose them and make them known. We are instructed to be so bold in this task that Jesus compares it to shouting from the rooftops.

He goes on to say that persecutors may be able to kill the body, but afterward they can do no more; they cannot touch the soul. “Instead,” Jesus says, “fear the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell,” namely God.

But then Jesus offers reassurance: “Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from your Father’s will. And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. So do not be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.”

Jesus is saying that God values you greatly and that nothing will happen to you apart from His will. This, however, does not mean health, wealth, or prosperity. Rather, it means that if you are killed for boldly proclaiming the name of Christ, it will be God’s will to glorify you in the kingdom of heaven.

Verses 32-33

Therefore everyone who confesses Me before men, I will also confess him before My Father in heaven. But whoever denies Me before men, I will also deny him before My Father in heaven.

Commentary

The interpretation of this verse is straightforward: if you deny Christ, you will not be saved. However, always remember that as long as you are alive, you remain under grace and have the opportunity to repent and turn to Jesus for the forgiveness of your sins. A person who denied Christ in their youth but accepted Him as Savior later in life does not need to worry about being denied before the Father, for their sins are forgiven.

For every person, however, there comes a point at which it is too late to change your spiritual destination. That point is physical death. When your soul departs your body, you either ascend to heaven or descend to hell, and nothing further can be done to alter that course.

“Today, if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts.” (Hebrews 4:7b)

Verses 34-36

Do not assume that I have come to bring peace to the earth; I have not come to bring peace, but a sword. For I have come to turn

‘a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. A man’s enemies will be the members of his own household.’

Commentary

This verse refutes the prosperity gospel. Jesus did not come to make every individual rich, posh, or comfortable. Rather, His desire is for every person to be saved. Simply put, Jesus is divisive; and rightly so. God is seeking those who love Him, but most people hate Him because:

The Light has come into the world, but men loved the darkness rather than the Light because their deeds were evil. Everyone who does evil hates the Light, and does not come into the Light for fear that his deeds will be exposed. (John 3:19-20)

It has become a common Hollywood trope; so much so that it is almost cliché; that a villain, trying to hide his evil deeds, will seek to silence the person attempting to expose him. The analogy is more or less true of Christianity. We are tasked with telling people that they are sinners in need of a Savior. Some will strongly resist facing their own sins, while others will oppose the very idea that they need a Savior. In this light, it makes sense that Jesus did not come to bring peace, but rather a sword.

Verses 37-38

Anyone who loves his father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me; anyone who loves his son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me; and anyone who does not take up his cross and follow Me is not worthy of Me.

Commentary

Remember, Jesus is speaking to a group of Israelites. Imagine, even today, if a young Jewish man or woman were to go home and announce that they had accepted Jesus Christ as their Savior. It could cause division within their household. A young person who denies Christ simply to maintain peace at home is acting in a way unworthy of being a follower of Jesus Christ.

Verse 39

Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for My sake will find it.

Commentary

I have heard this verse applied in various ways. In its proper context, however, Jesus is still speaking about persecution. A person who denies Christ in order to save his own life will ultimately lose his soul in hell (that is, eternal spiritual death). But the one who is killed for the sake of Jesus Christ will find eternal life.

Another way I have heard this verse applied is in the context of what a person devotes their life to and whether they are willing to make personal sacrifices for the sake of following Jesus Christ.

One might say, “I am going to find my life by pursuing wealth and abundance,” and then devote his life to becoming rich. In the end, without Christ, he will lose his life when he dies and faces eternal separation from God.

By contrast, another man who was on the same path of pursuing wealth and abundance encounters Jesus and makes the conscious decision to give up that pursuit (to lose his life) in order to follow Jesus. In doing so, he finds the true purpose and meaning of his life.

The example above is not a condemnation of wealth, but of dedicating one’s life to the pursuit of something other than Christ. I encourage you to manage your money wisely so that it grows, but do not devote your life to the pursuit of wealth. Devote your life to Jesus Christ.

Verses 40-42

He who receives you receives Me, and he who receives Me receives the One who sent Me. Whoever receives a prophet because he is a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward, and whoever receives a righteous man because he is a righteous man will receive a righteous man’s reward. And if anyone gives even a cup of cold water to one of these little ones because he is My disciple, truly I tell you, he will never lose his reward.”

Commentary

Logically, if you or I bring the message of Jesus Christ to someone and they receive us, then by receiving that message they are receiving Jesus. In verse 41, Jesus builds upon verse 40 by offering examples that illustrate this simple truth: if you receive a prophet, you receive a prophet’s reward; if you receive a righteous person, you receive a righteous reward. Likewise, anyone who receives Jesus, receives Jesus’s reward; eternal life. Furthermore, verse 42 indicates that this reward can never be taken away or lost.